Four infants developed invasive Pseudomonas aeruginosa ophthalmic infections between 5 and 90 days of age. Three died from septicaemia, and the fourth required enucleation of one eye. Absent red reflexes or other eye signs in a septicaemic infant merit urgent ophthalmological assessment for endophthalmitis, in particular, Pseudomonas. (Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2001;85:F139-F140)

IMPORTANCEThe use of perioperative, prophylactic, intravenous antibiotics is standard practice to reduce the risk of surgical site infection after oncologic resection and complex endoprosthetic reconstruction for lower extremity bone tumors. However, evidence guiding the duration of prophylactic treatment remains limited.OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a 5-day regimen of postoperative, prophylactic, intravenous antibiotics compared with a 1-day regimen on the rate of surgical site infections within 1 year after surgery.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized clinical superiority trial was performed at 48 clinical sites in 12 countries from January 1, 2013, to October 29, 2019. The trial included patients with a primary bone tumor or a soft tissue sarcoma that had invaded the femur or tibia or oligometastatic bone disease of the femur or tibia with expected survival of at least 1 year who required surgical management by excision and endoprosthetic reconstruction. A total of 611 patients were enrolled, and 7 were excluded for ineligibility.INTERVENTIONS A 1-or 5-day regimen of postoperative prophylactic intravenous cephalosporin (cefazolin or cefuroxime) that began within 8 hours after skin closure and was administered every 8 hours thereafter. Those randomized to the 1-day regimen received identical saline doses every 8 hours for the remaining 4 days; patients, care providers, and outcomes assessors were blinded to treatment regimen. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome in this superiority trial was a surgical site infection (superficial incisional, deep incisional, or organ space) classified according to the criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention within 1 year after surgery. Secondary outcomes included antibiotic-related complications, unplanned additional operations, oncologic and functional outcomes, and mortality. RESULTSOf the 604 patients included in the final analysis (mean [SD] age, 41.2 [21.9] years; 361 [59.8%] male; 114 [18.9%] Asian, 43 [7.1%] Black, 34 [5.6%] Hispanic, 15 [2.5%] Indigenous, 384 [63.8%] White, and 12 [2.0%] other), 293 were randomized to a 5-day regimen and 311 to a 1-day regimen. A surgical site infection occurred in 44 patients (15.0%) allocated to the 5-day regimen and in 52 patients (16.7%) allocated to the 1-day regimen (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.62-1.40; P = .73). Antibiotic-related complications occurred in 15 patients (5.1%) in the 5-day regimen and in 5 patients (1.6%) allocated to the 1-day regimen (hazard ratio, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.17-8.98; P = .02). Other secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between treatment groups.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This randomized clinical trial did not confirm the superiority of a 5-day regimen of postoperative intravenous antibiotics over a 1-day regimen in preventing surgical site infections after surgery for lower extremity bone tumors that required an endoprosthesis. The 5-day regimen group had significantly more antibiotic-related complications.

'ГБОУ ВПО «Алтайский государственны й медицинский университет» М инздрава Р оссии , г. Барнаул 2К ГБУ З «К раевая клиническая больница скорой медицинской помощи», г. Барнаул 3Ф ГБУ «Н овосибирский научно-исследовательский институт т убер кулеза» М инздрава Р оссии , г. Н овосибирск Несмотря на определенные достижения в оказании помощи пострадавшим с тяжелой травмой груди, проблема лечения флотирующих переломов ребер далека от решения. Традиционное ведение заключается в принудительной продленной искусственной вентиляции легких с целью достижения внутренней пневматической стабилизации грудной клетки. Однако результаты такого подхода нельзя признать удов летворительными в связи с высокой частотой развития осложнений, необходимостью трахеостомии, длительным пребыванием больных в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии, развитием внутрибольничных инфекций. Раннее восстановление каркасности грудной клетки с помощью фиксации реберного клапана пластиной с угловой стабильностью позво ляет уменьш ить длительность нахождения больного на искусственной вентиляции легких, снизить частоту возможных респираторных и плевральных осложнений. Ключевые слова: тяж елая травма груди, фрагментарные переломы ребер, остеосинтез, лечение.