The meteorological conditions in which organogenesis stages take place and hydrothermal regime can determine the phenotypic manifestation of quantitative signs, such as, for example, the activity of alpha-amylase. The purpose of our work was to determine what factors (temperature, precipitation, heterothermal coefficient) affect the enzyme activity, at what time of the vegetation, and in what way this influence is evident. The analysis of weather conditions and falling number (FN) for the period from 2011 to 2020 was carried out. Analysis of the FN value over 10 years showed that it can vary from 90 s to 429 s, and at that, the nature of its change is the same, regardless of whether we are considering one variety or the average value for a group of varieties. The correlation coefficient between the FN of a group of varieties and individual FN is 0.94-0.98. Generally, during the vegetation season, the alpha-amylase activity was influenced to a greater extent by the amount of precipitation than by temperature. This dependence is negative - an increase in precipitation leads to a decrease in the FN, and, consequently, to an increase in the enzyme activity. However, it was found that in different phases of ontogeny the influence of temperature and precipitation can be diametrically opposite.

No abstract

Aim. The aim of the current work is to analyse the epiphytotic situation in the south of the Russian Far East in connection with viral diseases of legumes (Fabaceae Lindl., 1836). Discussion contains a description of 18 viruses that infect legumes in this region:

No abstract

The yield level of the spring triticale and its structure is largely determined by the timing and methods of harvesting, especially in the region where this crop was not cultivated previously. This issue is important for Amur region because it is located in the zone of risky agriculture and harvesting of spring triticale here runs in difficult conditions. The research aims to establish optimal terms and methods of harvesting, which will accelerate the introduction of this new crop in the region. In 2014-2016 field studies were conducted with methods generally accepted for grain crops. It was established that the highest grain yield at optimal terms of sowing, was obtained during harvesting on August 25th (in the phase of grain’s full ripeness). Earlier harvesting resulted in an 11-29% reduction of yield. It was especially noticeable in Carmen variety. During harvesting on August 4th, this variety’s yield decreased by 0.69 tons per hector (metric, t/ha). Similarly, with a later harvest date (September 1st), all varieties showed lower yields. This was especially evident in Ukro variety with a 17% reduction. As for harvesting on August 4th and 11th, while grain moisture exceeded 20%, a separate method of cropping turned out to give the best results. Yields in these experiments amounted to 2.31 - 2.55 t/ha (Dill variety), 2.06 - 2.17 t/ha (Yarilo variety), and 1.81 - 2.26 t/ha (Carmen variety). August 18th is optimal for the two-phase method of harvesting when crops reach the spring triticale phase - the middle of grain wax ripeness. In this case, the yield amounted to 2.33 t/ha.