BACKGROUND: The causal relationship between mutagenesis and carcinogenesis is well known. Hence the wide interest in the study of the mutagen-modifying effects of natural and synthetic compounds. Particular attention is drawn to widespread compounds. One of them, metformin, is widely used as a hypoglycemic drug. AIM: evaluation of the influence of metformin on the cytogenetic effects of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in mouse bone marrow cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male F1 CBAxC57Bl/6 hybrid mice were used. Cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg) or doxorubicin (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally, metformin was given orally once or for 4 consecutive days. The latter administration of metformin was combined with mutagen administration. Cytogenetic preparations of bone marrow cells were prepared 18 hours after metformin administration and 24 hours after its combined administration with mutagens. Chromosomal aberrations were analyzed according to accepted protocols. RESULTS: Metformin per se showed no cytogenetic activity at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg. At a dose of 500 mg/kg, but not 100 or 250 mg/kg, metformin reduced the cytogenetic effects of doxorubicin. Metformin administered once and for 4 days at doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg or once at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg increased the number of metaphases with chromosome aberrations induced by cyclophosphamide by a factor of 2 to 3. At doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, metformin had no modifying effect on the mutagen effect. CONCLUSION: Metformin attenuates the cytogenetic effects of doxorubicin and enhances the cytogenetic activity of cyclophosphamide in mouse bone marrow cells. This allows us to conclude that metformin has mutagen-modifying properties.

Рассмотрен вторичный продукт переработки плодов облепихи крушиновидной как источник обогащения продуктов питания функциональными ингредиентами. По товароведным характеристикам отобранных плодов облепихи установлены подлинность и качественность сырья. После отжима сока из плодов облепихи образовавшийся жом, содержащий косточку и плодовую оболочку, высушивали инфракрасными лучами при температуре 40°С в течение 30 мин до остаточного содержания в нем влаги 6% и подвергали грубому и тонкодисперсному измельчению на роторно-валковом дезинтеграторе. Полученный тонкодисперсный порошок из жома плодов облепихи (ПЖО), 95% частиц которого были размером до 30 мкм, имел ярко-оранжевый цвет, кисловатый запах, свойственный плодам облепихи, рассыпчатую, без комочков консистенцию. Из полученного порошка методом экстракции выделено масло, определен его жирнокислотный состав. Установлено, что полученный ПЖО богат витаминами С и Е, каротиноидами и b-каротином, содержание которых в 100 г порошка в 4–5 раз превышает рекомендуемую суточную потребность организма в данных веществах, а масло, экстрагированное из ПЖО, по содержанию пальмитиновой, пальмитолеиновой, олеиновой и линоленовой кислот превосходит подсолнечное и кедровое масла, что позволяет рекомендовать порошок из жома плодов облепихи в качестве ценной функциональной добавки для обогащения различных видов продуктов питания. Secondary product for processing sea buckthorn fruits are considered as a source of enrichment of products with functional ingredients. The authenticity and quality of the raw materials are established by the commodity characteristics of the selected sea buckthorn fruits. After squeezing the juice from the sea buckthorn fruit, the resulting pulp containing the stone and fruit shell was dried by infrared rays at a temperature of 40°C for 30 minutes to a residual moisture content of 6% and subjected to coarse and fine grinding on a rotary-roller disintegrator. The resulting fine powder from the pulp of sea buckthorn fruit, 95% of whose particles were up to 30 microns in size, had a bright orange color, a sour smell characteristic of sea buckthorn fruit, a crumbly, lump-free consistency. The oil is extracted from the resulting powder by extraction. The fatty acid composition of the oil is determined. It is established that the obtained powder is rich in vitamins C and E, carotenoids and в-carotene content in 100 gof the powder is 4–5 times higher than the recommended daily requirement of these substances, and the oil is extracted from the powder of the pulp of sea buckthorn fruits, the content of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and linolenic acids superior to sunflower and pine oil, which allows us to recommend the powder from the pulp of sea buckthorn fruits as a valuable functional additives for enrichment of different types of food.