Изменение характера экспрессии биоактивных пептидов способствует формированию многих осложнений гестации. Целью исследования явилось изучение влияния половой принадлежности плода на продукцию ангиогенных факторов и цитокинов у женщин при физиологической и осложненной беременности. У 172 женщин с физиологической беременностью и 188-с плацентарной недостаточностью определяли уровень ангиогенных факторов и цитокинов в венозной крови беременных с учетом пола вынашиваемого плода. Обнаружено, что у беременных девочками независимо от характера течения беременности отмечались более высокие уровни сосудисто-эндотелиальных факторов и цитокинов. Выявленная динамика биоактивных полипептидов указывает на существование специфики сигналов со стороны маточно-плацентарно-плодового комплекса материнскому организму, которые статистически значимо связаны с полом вынашиваемого плода и свидетельствуют о более выраженной заинтересованности иммунной системы в ответе материнского организма на гестационные изменения. Указанные изменения более характерны для беременных с девочками. Ключевые слова: физиологическая беременность, плацентарная недостаточность, пол плода, биоактивные полипептиды Changes in the expression of bioactive peptides contribute to the formation of many complications of gestation. The aim of the research was to study the effect of fetal sex on the production of angiogenic factors and cytokines in women during physiological and complicated pregnancy. In 172 women with physiological pregnancies and 188 with placental insufficiency, the level of angiogenic factors and cytokines in the venous blood of pregnant women was determined taking into account the sex of the fetus. It was found that in pregnant women with female fetuses, regardless of the nature of the course of pregnancy-physiological or complicated, higher levels of vascular endothelial factors and cytokines were noted. The identified dynamics of bioactive polypeptides indicates the existence of specific signals from the utero-placental-fetal complex to the maternal organism, which are statistically significantly related to the sex of the fetus and indicate a more pronounced interest of the immune system in the response of the maternal organism to gestational changes. These changes are more characteristic for pregnant women with female fetuses.

Objective: the study aimed to reveal the daily periodicity of labor, the nature of melatonin metabolism, and the outcome of childbirth in women with a physiological and complicated pregnancy, depending on the sex of the fetus.Materials and methods: to study the chronophysiological characteristics of birth outcomes depending on fetal sex, 1 980 birth histories and stories of newborns were analyzed. The neonates were born between January 1 and December 31, 2016, in a maternity ward of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “RostGMU” of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Melatonin production was identified by the level of urinary excretion of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SM) (its main metabolite) examining the morning portion of the urine of women by the ELISA method (at 8 am 3 ml of urine were collected in Eppendorf tube).Results: it was revealed that fetal sex modulated the activity of the central regulatory mechanisms responsible for the daily period functional processes in the female body and the initiation of labor. The largest number of spontaneous births by male fetuses occurred in the early evening before midnight when daily illumination was decreased, while the birth of girls was observed more often in the period from midnight to early morning. At the same time, mothers of boys had lower production of melatonin compared to that of girls’ mothers.Conclusions. The peculiarities of labor and birth complications associated with the sex of the fetus were identified.

Objective:to study melatonin metabolism and hormonal status of pregnant women in different seasons of the year, depending on the sex of the fetus. Materials and methods:538 women were examined at the time of physiological gestation of 37-40 weeks. The first group — 286 pregnant women with female fetuses and the second group — 254 pregnant with male fetuses. Estimation of the hormonal status included the determination of the level of cortisol, estradiol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, progesterone, testosterone in the blood and melatonin in the urine of pregnant women.Results:the level of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in the morning urine, regardless of the sex of the fetus, was higher in the seasons of the year with the predominance of the dark time of the day. Absolute levels of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in urine in all women in 37-40 weeks of gestation were the lowest in the light-saturated summer and spring months of the year, while in the winter period its parameters were maximal. Melatonin production was statistically significantly higher in pregnant women with female fetuses during the fall and winter periods of the year. Regardless of the time of the year, in pregnant women with female fetuses, the absolute levels of estradiol and progesterone were higher than in the case of the male fetus. The highest values in the case of the female fetus were noted in the spring. Testosterone production was significantly higher in pregnant women with male fetuses mainly in the spring season. Stress resistance of pregnant women was higher in the summer months. Depending on the “sex of the fetus” factor, stress hormones in the summer had the highest values in pregnant women with male fetuses.Conclusions:the sex of the fetus is a significant factor affecting the seasonal variability of melatonin production, sexual and stress hormones in pregnant women due to the formation of the specificity of the systemic signaling between the maternal and the fetal organism in the dynamics of pregnancy.

1 rostov state medical university, rostov-on-don, russia 2 adyghe state university, maykop, russia Изучены показатели пространственно-временной организации ЭЭг в динамике гестации у женщин с эндокринной патологией. У 174 беременных проводили регистрацию и анализ ЭЭг в лобных, височных, центральных, теменных, затылочных областях коры в основных частотных диапазонах. Вычисляли средние значения спектров мощности и когерентности ЭЭг, а также коэффициенты межполушарной асимметрии по этим показателям. В первом триместре беременности у женщин с синдромом гиперандрогении было отмечено увеличение мощности спектров в тетаи бета-полосе частот и снижение когерентности в альфа-диапазоне в передних и центральных областях коры при отсутствии значимых межполушарных различий. В то же время для беременных группы «норма» было характерно увеличение когерентности ЭЭг в диапазоне альфа-ритма в центральных и височных зонах левой гемисферы при увеличении мощности бета-частот в этих областях. Данный факт указывает на формирование доминанты беременности, а именно -образование устойчивого и стационарного очага возбуждения в этих зонах коры. Результаты показывают, что пациентки с синдромом гиперандрогении в анамнезе на ранних этапах гестации находятся в группе риска по невынашиванию, что отражается в параметрах биоэлектрической активности мозга. Ключевые слова: беременность, эндокринная патология, электроэнцефалограмма, асимметрия, доминантаIn this study, the indicators of the spatial-time organization of the electro-encephalo-gramms (EEG) in the dynamics of gestation in women with endocrine pathology were studied. 174 pregnant women underwent EEG registration and analysis in the frontal, temporal, central, parietal, occipital cortical areas in the main frequency bands. Mean values of EEG power and coherence spectra were calculated, as well as interhemispheric asymmetry coefficients for these parameters. In the first trimester of pregnancy in women with the syndrome of hyperandrogenism, an increase in the power of spectra in the theta and beta bands and an increase in alpha coherence in the anterior and central regions of the cortex were noted, with no significant interhemispheric differences. At the same time, the coherence of the EEG in the alpha-rhythm range in the central and temporal zones of the left hemisphere was specific for the pregnant women from the «norm» group, with the increase in the beta-frequency power in these regions, which in our opinion indicates the formation of a dominant of pregnancy, i.e., the formation of a stable and stationary source of excitation in these zones of the cortex. The results show that patients with a history of hyperandrogenic syndrome, in the early stages of gestation, are at risk for miscarriage, which is reflected in the parameters of brain bioelectrical activity.