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Background. Despite the wide range of studies, the development of osteoplastic material, which has not only osteoconductive but also osteoinductive properties, remains an extremely topical issue in modern medical materials science. This work is devoted to experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of synthetic osteoplastic composite material based on chitosan and hydroxyapatite. Aim. This study aimed to determine the effects of spongy implants based on chitosan and its composite with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in an amount of 50 wt. % on early osteogenesis in the area of the through defect of the ileum. Materials and methods. The studied materials were sponge implants based on chitosan and its composite with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in an amount of 50 wt. %. Comparison groups include those without implant placement and those with replacement with commercial Reprobone osteoplastic material. Materials were implanted into the zone of the through defect of the ileum of rabbits for a period of 28 days. Results. A high rate of resorption of materials based on chitosan in bone tissue and active growth of reticulofibrotic bone tissue along the edges of the defect was established, and the formation of cartilaginous islands and bone marrow was recorded in the group of chitosan implants with hydroxyapatite. The aseptic effect was observed with the use of implants made of chitosan and hydroxyapatite. Conclusions. The data obtained allow us to argue about the osteoconductivity of the studied materials and the prospects for further development in this direction.

Potentialities of synthetic bone substitutes application in vertebrology, especially in cervical spine surgery is demonstrated. From 2010 to 2011 thirty seven patients (21 — 70 years) with spine injuries and degenerative diseases were operated on. During surgical intervention subtotal resection of cervical vertebra body was performed. BoneMedik-S block of appropriate size was inserted into the defect. In all cases the final step of operation was stable fixation of segment by metal plate and screws. It was shown that modern synthetic biomaterials for substitution of bone tissue defects enabled to shorten the volume of surgical intervention and contributed to the formation of natural spongy human bone structure at minimum terms.

To assess the Eculizumab effect on the allografted kidney function in the immediate and early postoperative period. Materials and methods: In kidney transplantation, 33 patients received Eculizumab in combination with Alemtuzumab (group 1). Other 38 patients (group 2) were enrolled for a comparative analysis. They received their induction immunosuppressive therapy with Alemtuzumab and plasmapheresis sessions. The following parameters were used for analysis: the urine output in the first 24 hours after surgery, the period of creatinine level drop to 3 mg/dL, a 24-hour protein excretion at day 30 after surgery, a glomerular filtration rate at day 30 after transplantation, histology of kidney allograft biopsy at 1 month post surgery. Results: A comparative analysis has demonstrated much lower values of 24 hour proteinuria in group 1 than in group 2. As to the glomerular filtration rate, it was 1.9 times higher in group 1 than in group 2. The period of blood creatinine subnormalization was significantly shorter in group 1. The differences were statistically significant in all studied parameters (p=0.002-0.003). Conclusion: The allografted kidney function was much better in group 1 than in group 2. Thus, the combination of Eculizumab + Alemtuzumab had a more favorable effect on the function and morphology of allografted kidneys in the immediate and early postoperative periods compared to that of Alemtuzumab + plasmapheresis combination.

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