Neuroendocrine factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure. Despite numerous clinical and experimental studies, the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and glucocorticoid hormones is not fully characterised. Here we present a study of plasma cortisol concentration in 74 chronic heart failure patients, divided into four groups based on NYHA functional classes I-IV, and in 17 control subjects. In parallel, we performed morphological analysis of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis components from 8 male patients who had died from chronic heart failure, and 9 male controls. In our study we applied immunohistochemical method and quantitative analysis to investigate an expression of hypothalamic neurohormones (corticotropin-releasing hormone, vasopressin) and adrenocorticotropin hormone in the pituitary, as well as performed general histological examination of the adrenal cortex. Measurement of morning cortisol concentration in plasma of chronic heart failure patients revealed neither difference compared to controls nor with the severity of the disease. Despite this, a two-fold increase in the density of corticotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive neurons as well as a two-fold increase in the number of corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons co-expressing vasopressin in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus were found. In the anterior pituitary the density of adrenocorticotropin hormone-immunoreactive cells was significantly increased. General histological analysis of the adrenal cortex revealed a drastic thinning of the zona fasciculata and dystrophic changes in corticocytes. Structural changes, observed in the adrenal cortex, suggest a relative glucocorticoid deficiency, which may contribute to corticotropin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropin hormone upregulation in hypothalamus and pituitary of chronic heart failure patients.
The levels of IL-8 and IL-10 and their ratio depending on the stage and NYHA functional class of heart failure were determined in the patients with chronic heart failure in comparison with healthy individuals. The level of IL-8 and IL-8/IL-10 ratio in patients were significantly higher than in controls, and the level of IL-10, significantly lower. The comparison of cytokine levels in patients at different stages of heart failure and NYHA class revealed no significant differences. However, the level of IL-10 tended to decrease by stage 3 of the disease. Significantly elevated IL-8 level along with reduced IL-10 level and significantly increased IL-8/IL-10 ratio indicated predominance of proinflammatory activity in patients with chronic heart failure, which along with the tendency to decrease IL-10 level at stage 3 of the disease may indicate the ineffectiveness of compensatory mechanisms and progressive "failure" of compensation with increasing severity of the disease.
РГМУу кафедра факультетской терапии им. акад. А.И. Нестерова, Москва Резюме Цель. Исследовать провоспалительные цитокины и мозговой натрийуретический пептид у больных ревматическими пороками сердца (РПС) и ИБС, осложненными хронической сердечной недостаточ ностью (ХСН). Материал и методы. Обследовано 16 больных с РПС и 38 с ИБС, все с признаками ХСН II-IV ФК по NYHA (IIA-III стадией по классификации Н. Д. Стражеско-В. X. Василенко) и 30 клинически здоро вых лиц-контрольная группа. Больным применялись клинические и общепринятые лабораторные и инструментальные методы обследования с тщательным анализом Эхо-КГ; проводилось количественное определение сывороточных Ф Н О-а, ИЛ-6 и мозгового натрийуретического пептида (МНУП) методом иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты. Выявлена прямая зависимость между содержанием цитокинов и МНУП в крови и тяжестью клинического состояния больного с ХСН. Показано достоверное отличие указанных показателей при ХСН ишемической и не ишемической (РПС) природы. Концентрация Ф Н О-а была минимальной при митральным стенозе. Максимальные концентрации ИЛ-6 и Ф Н О-а наблюдались при трикуспидальной недостаточности. Концентрация Ф Н О-а нарастала при увеличении линейных размеров сердца (при увеличении ЛП>50мм в 2,97 раза, при КДР>56мм-в 1,58 раза, при уменьшении ФВ<40 % в 2,3 раза). Подобные, но менее выраженные тенденции, наблюдались в отношении МНУП. Заключение. Установлено достоверное отличие изученных показателей при ХСН ишемической и не ишемической (РПС) природы. Отмечено, что, несмотря на однотипность клинических проявлений ХСН, уровень биологических показателей воспаления был достоверно ниже при РПС, чем при ИБС, что требует дальнейшего обсуждения. К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а : ревматические пороки сердца, хроническая сердечная недостаточность, цитокины, фактор некроза опухоли, интерлейкин-6, мозговой натрийуретический пептид
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