ЛОГІЧНО-ОЩАДЛИВОГО ЗЕМЛЕРОБСТВА ДЛЯ ЛІСОСТЕПОВОЇ ЗОНИ УКРАЇНИ. У статті акцентовано увагу на тому, що сільське господарство є найближчою до природних ландшафтів галуззю матеріально-енергетичних відносин. Тому основним завданням агроекології є пошук форм управління (спеціалізації), що не перевищуватиме природних можливостей певної території. Обґрунтовано, що найкраще управління природокористуванням на агроландшафтному рівні може бути реалізоване лише в разі повної визначеності земельної власності, а також за наявності невеликих площ у фермерів, які відповідатимуть низовим рівням ландшафтної структури. За таких умов фермер може піклуватися про підтримку природної родючості землі. Крім того, визначена власність на землю (а не оренду) змусить селянина сформувати спеціалізацію, щоб максимально працювати на самозабезпечення. За таких умов відродження худоби як гарантія підтримки природної родючості ґрунтуце лише питання часу. Авторська концепція, адаптована до умов лісостепу України, складається з серійних блоків дослідження: "Екологічний моніторинг агроландшафтних компонентів"; "Екологічна конверсія агроландшафтів"; "Ландшафтно-екологічне планування". Головна мета цієї Концепціїне сфокусуватися на великих агрохолдингах, а на фермерських фермах. Досвід проведення промислової типології сільського господарства в регіонах лісостепової зони України дає підстави вважати, що сучасна спеціалізація не тільки не є оптимальною в плані відповідності природним умовам, а й у багатьох випадках є руйнівною для ґрунтів. Тому оцінка впливу на навколишнє середовище кожного виду сільського господарства, в першу чергу в лісостепу, а згодом і по всій території України, може бути аналогічною сучасній "електронній декларації" і допомогти розробити стратегію екологічно раціональне управління сільським господарством. Розроблені технологічні методи екологічного перетворення (вермикультури, біодинаміка та ін.) адаптовані до умов лісостепу України та допоможуть власникам селянських та сільськогосподарських підприємств реалізовувати цю стратегію на практиці.

The study aims to assess the impacts of Russian military aggression against Ukraine on the sphere of education and science, and suggestion of ideas on how to form strategies and tactics to develop education and science in this country after the aggressor is finally conquered. Results. Guided by open cartographic and statistical sources revealing military activity in Ukraine, the authors have preliminarily assessed material, physical and moral losses and suggested ways to overcome the crises that descended upon Ukrainian educational and scientific spheres, in particular, those to transit to the European system of instruction in the establishments of higher education, strengthening of role/significance of learning geography in secondary schools as the discipline that forms worldview systemic thinking in the young generation. Russian military aggression has already disclosed strong and weak sides of geographical instruction in Ukraine, while the interest manifested by western higher education establishments to Ukrainian vis-à-vis gives way to cardinal changes in the system of education, in particular, geographical education in this country.

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The existence of only a paper outline scheme in the National Nature Park Project does not allow to unambiguously interpret the boundaries of the object. Purpose. Development of technique for establishing the boundaries of protected areas. Methods. Cartographic using the ArcGIS geographic information system Results. The basic cartographic document for the study was a scanned map at a scale of 1:50 000 showing the boundaries of the Gomilshansky Forests National Park from the National Nature Park (NNP) Project. The main problem was the lack of elements of its mathematical basis on the map. The IT technology of geo-linking the scanned map of the park boundaries in the GIS environment includes the following actions: linking topographic map sheets at a scale of 1: 50,000 in the ArcGIS geographic information system, saving the relevant geo-linked, transformed copies of the image; visualization of digital geodata with geometry and coordinates of points of boundaries of forest areas (quarters); download the scanned map of the boundaries of the NNP from the Project of creation without geographical reference and perform the procedure of sequential addition of control points of reference; image transformation and saving the result in geotiff format. After that, a polygonal vector layer of * shp format was created and the park territory was digitized according to the NNP Project. The result of the research was a map of the boundaries of the Gomilshansky Forests National Park in geotiff format, geographically linked in the ArcGIS environment, as well as a vector layer of the National Park's territory based on it. Conclusions. The use of the developed technology allows to determine the location of any land plots in relation to the national nature park, knowing their coordinates or uploading the Public Cadastral Map of Ukraine to the GIS project.

Formulation of the problem. One aspect of the territory’s socio-economic development is its demographic development. It translates into a change in the quantity and quality of the population of the territory in a certain social context as a systemically important factor in social life. As of January 1, 2020, Ukraine had a population of 41 million. 732,800 people (not including the occupied territories), which is the historical minimum in the years of independence. This prompts a detailed study of the problem. The article contains a spatial and structural analysis of the demographic processes of the Carpathian region as one of the indicators of the socio-economic development of the territory. Methods. The analysis of literary and cartographic sources has been carried out. Mathematical methods have been used to calculate quantitative characteristics of demographic processes. Using ArcGIS software product was created a series of maps of the Real Wage Index in Ukraine of various time scales. The purpose of the article is to highlight and analyze the demographic processes currently taking place in the Carpathian region in the context of the economic development of the territories, with a view to developing and implementing proactive measures, to be given priority in solving the problems of the economically active population in the territories under study. Results. The problem of migration of the population is urgent for Ukraine. For a long time, our State has been the country of origin for the majority of migrant workers in Europe. The Carpathian region has specific features of migration compared to other regions of Ukraine. Between 2010 and 2018, the number of people living in the Carpathian regions as a result of migration increased by 17.3 thousand people. Internal population migration is urban in nature. Besides, the Carpathian region has become comfortable for living and for internally displaced persons as a result of the war in eastern Ukraine. The top 5 countries receiving migration from the Carpathian region include Hungary, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. A comparative analysis of the sex and age structure of migrants from Ukraine showed that about 50 per cent of migrants were aged 20-35 and about two thirds of emigrants were men. Active migratory mobility is typical of the rural areas of the Carpathian region. Overall, the Ukrainian village has lost more than 10 million people over the past 50 years as a result of migration processes. The proportion of rural dwellers in the total number of migrant workers in the Carpathian region is higher than that of urban dwellers, of whom 60-70 per cent are women. Migration has led to an imbalance in the functioning of the employment system and the national labour market in Ukraine in general and in the region under study in particular. The average unemployment rate in the study region in 2019 is 8.8 per cent of the economically active population. As of 2020, the number of employed persons in Ukraine is 15,915,300. The total number of employed persons in Ukraine is 1,925,000. Men predominate in the structure of the employed population, but more than 60 per cent of the unemployed are men. The largest difference between the employment rates of women and men is recorded in Zakarpattia and Ivano-Frankivsk oblasts (more than 15 per cent). Despite a steady increase in wages by region of the country, the real wage index has been steadily declining. Moreover, in 2021, no region of Ukraine exceeded the State-wide level of the real wage index by more than 1 per cent. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Prospects for further research include the establishment of effective mechanisms for population policy at the national level to combat the rural exodus, which is not aimed at increasing the birth rate, It is not enough to increase the attractiveness of rural areas to the habitation and productive economic activities of rural dwellers, especially young people.