Цель - определить характерные особенности гистоархитектоники селезенки человека в сопоставлении с основными этапами иммунного ответа. Материал и методы. Работа выполнена на аутопсийном материале селезенок 20 человек, не имевших в анамнезе патологии системы кроветворения. Медиана возраста составила 39 (27; 65) лет. С помощью гистологических, иммуногистохимических и морфометрических методик изучали площади красной и белой пульпы на срезе, а также клеточный состав в ткани селезенки на разных этапах иммунного ответа. Результаты. Установлено, что изменения морфометрических параметров белой и красной пульпы, а также ее составляющих зависят от степени активности иммунных процессов, происходящих в тканевых компартментах селезенки на различных этапах иммунного ответа. Выявлены различия в содержании клеточных элементов в изученных функциональных зонах органа. Выводы. Для исследования гистоархитектоники селезенки важно учитывать особенности миграции клеточных элементов, динамику и численность их распределения в белой пульпе и красной пульпе на основных этапах иммунного ответа, что, несомненно, влияет на массу органа и, соответственно, его функциональных компартментов. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для анализа гистоархитектоники селезенки и изучения ее клеточного состава при диагностике заболеваний с поражением органов иммунной системы. Objective - to determine the characteristic features of the human spleen histoarchitectonics in correlation with the main stages of the immune response. Material and methods. The work was performed on the autopsy material of spleen taken from 20 people, who had no history of the pathology of the hematopoietic system. The median age was 39 (27; 65) years. Histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric study of white and red pulp areas and cellular composition of spleen at different stages of immune response was carried out. Results. It was found that changes in the morphometric para­meters of white and red pulp, as well as its components, depended on the degree of activity of the immune processes that occur in tissue compartments of the spleen at various stages of the immune response. Differences in the content of cellular elements in the functional zones of the organ were revealed. Conclusions. To study the histoarchitectonics of the spleen, it is important to take into account the specifics of the migration of cellular elements, the dynamics and abundance of their distribution in white and red pulp at the main stages of the immune response, which undoubtedly affects the mass of the organ and, accordingly, its functional compartments. The results can be used to analyze the histoarchitectonics of the spleen and study its cellular composition in the diagnosis of diseases causing damage to the organs of the immune system.

Mitochondrial substrate-based preparations corrected disorders, caused by long-term exposure to abnormal gravitation vector in head-down tilt (hanging) test in rats. The preparations produced systemic and polyorgan protective effects consisting in correction of the blood prooxidant/antioxidant balance, energy metabolism in musculus soleus, and minimization of morphological changes in the liver and kidneys.

The aim of the study was to characterize the immunomorphological processes in the spleen of patients with immune thrombocytopenia depending on the form of the disease and the response to splenectomy. Material and methods. The study included the spleens of 50 patients with immune thrombocytopenia, including 32 women (64%) and 18 men (35%). The median age was 38.0 (22.8; 52.0) years. Depending on the form of the disease, all patients with immune thrombocytopenia were divided into three groups: first diagnosed disease (n=12); persistent form (n=20); and chronic form (n=18). All cases of immune thrombocytopenia were divided into two subgroups: 1 (n=32) – patients who were in remission after splenectomy; 2 (n=18) – people with refractory disease after splenectomy The comparison group was represented by spleens autopsy material of 20 people who had no history of blood system and liver diseases, or other pathology. The median age was 39 (27; 65) years. Histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric methods were used to study the size of the red and white spleen pulps, as well as their cellular composition.Results. In patients with immune thrombocytopenia who responded to splenectomy, the spleen morphology was characterized as corresponding to stages I–II of the immune response. In the subgroup with a refractory course of the disease and in patients with a persistent form, the condition of the spleen corresponded to stages II–III of the immune response, which indicated a longer or aggressive course of the disease. Reducing the size of the periarterial lymphoid muffs, regardless of the response to splenectomy in relation to the comparison group (p<0.05), reflects the pathogenesis of the disease and presents the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on T-cell area of white pulp. Changes in the cell composition of the spleen in patients with immune thrombocytopenia were characterized by an increase in the relative and absolute number of B and T lymphocytes in the white and red pulps, macrophages (CD68+) and dendritic cells (CD35+, S100+). An increase in the content of lymphoid elements expressing CD4+ in white and red pulps, as well as CD8+ T-lymphocytes in the red pulp indicates a multifactorial development of autoimmune disorders in this disease. A significant increase in the number of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages in the red pulp in patients with refractory course of immune thrombocytopenia compared to those who responded to splenectomy (p<0.05) indicates that cytotoxic T-lymphocytes along with macrophages are actively involved in the destruction of platelets in patients resistant to the surgical treatment of the disease. Morphometric criteria for unfavorable prognosis of immune thrombocytopenia after splenectomy were determined.