Establishing a standard series of digital automated robotic dairy farms of a new generation with diff erent confi gurations and capacity (25-50-100…1200…2400 goals) implies their structural typing and modular building based on the methodology of fi nite element analysis and structural-functional models, including complete modular units. The author has developed structural and functional models for building digital technological modules and modular units of modern automated and robotic dairy farms of a new generation. Modular structural and functional units are proposed. They include passive accumulative and regulating modules of inanimate (material, technological) and animate biological fl ows (animals), active machine-technological modules for moving and transforming material technological and production fl ows to/from animals,information and analytical modules for rapid assessment of the quality of production fl ows, systems for receiving, transmitting, processing and storing information fl ows (signals) received from machine-technological modules (milking, feeding, manure removal, etc.) and from animal sensors. The author analyzed and obtained formalized structural and functional models of digital modular units: automated and robotic milking parlors, automated and robotic animal feeding systems, automated systems for diff erentiated microclimate provision, energy-saving aerobic and (or anaerobic) modules for manure processing as complete structures, including space-planning accumulative-regulating technological modules of the passive type and machine-technological modules of the active type to move and transform material technological fl ows, as well as carry out express diagnostics of their quality and storage of information fl ows. The implementation of the developed structural and functional models of digital technological modules and modular units will provide for designing new projects of digital automated and robotic dairy farms of a new generation with increased functionality and adaptive functions to be applied to biological objects.

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The development of biotechnical systems in animal husbandry is characterized by the level of its intellectual and digital transformation based on neural network technologies and artifi cial intelligence systems. They are supposed to effi ciently recognize and take into account the refl exes, individual and group motivation of animal behavior and implement them in the corresponding local technological subsystems. Pathways to resting and self-service places for animals can be represented in the form of an oriented graph. To analyze it, the authors propose an integral ST-criterion (path-time), characterizing the duration of movement along the graph edges (a logistical infrastructure of the barn) between its vertices. The proposal includes some points of animal service in the corresponding local biotechnological systems (LBTS) (those of milking, feeding, watering, etc.). The graph analytics for each animal helps estimate idle travels from resting to service places (self-service), duration of service in the respective LBTS (working movement), veterinary treatment in case of diseases, total motor activity, total rest time in the box (at least 14 hours for highly productive animals), including duration of night and day rest, abnormal breaks between milkings (over 14 hours) in case of “voluntary” milking in automatic systems (robots), etc. By comparing photo-chronometer indicators with productivity and physiological state of each animal separately and analyzing possible time losses (downtime) at service (self-service) places, deviations in animal behavior, we can get a clear picture of the organization and effi ciency of technological processes on the farm, possible productivity losses and production costs. The graph analytics of local biotechnical systems in cattle breeding equipped with animal identifi cation and video surveillance systems wi ll enable farmers to optimize the on-farm control of technological processes.

The concept of biotechnical systems belongs to the class of human-machine systems or human–machine–plant systems, human–machine–animal systems. The latter relate to agriculture and the livestock industry. In agricultural production, biotechnical systems have the properties of bimodality, when there are two or more biological objects, a person as a managing operator and a service object (plants, animals).(Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing trends in the development of biomachine and technical systems in order to further intellectualize and digitalize agricultural production.(Materials and methods) There are two approaches in the study of human-machine systems: anthropocentric and machine-centric; the first one assigns a crucial role to the person, the second one – to the machine.(Results and discussion) The article presents the functionality of the Human and Machine subsystems. Part of the functions of the Human operator will gradually be transferred to the Machine, and the Human operator will be transformed into a human Expert and a human User. The article presents a scheme for an intelligent biotechnical system in animal husbandry, and determines the coefficients of adaptation of local automated and robotic biotechnical systems to biological objects. Authors have created a scheme for the functioning of local biotechnical systems in a partially autonomous multi-agent control mode, and identifies criteria for evaluating the functioning of local biotechnical systems.(Conclusions) We need to strengthen the Machine factor on the basis of developing machine-centric models and convert complex three-tier system of biotech in animal husbandry in two-tier with the polarization of the human Expert, human User and Machine–Animal subsystems. The latter absorbs more and more intelligent functions that are passed by a Man, for which it retained control, coordination and management of the entire system.

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