The paper presents the results of monitoring of intraschool factors and gives a hygienic assessment of the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of schools and the organization of the educational process in schools of Chelyabinsk. It was established that 56.4 % of establishments with satisfactory conditions of stay and education belong to the second group and 0.6 % of schools belong to the third group of sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing. In the study of class schedules, non-compliance with hygienic standards was found in 26.3 % of cases. Subjects of high difficulty level are put the first on schedule in 15.0 % of cases and during 5–8 lessons in 10.0 % of cases. We assessed the anxiety levels of 5–11th grade students (total 2 032 schoolchildren). High levels of reactive anxiety were found among 35.7 % of students and personal anxiety among 37.0 % of schoolchildren respectively. The most significant causes of psychological discomfort in educational establishments are the conditions of a new digital intraschool environment and educational overload, which can manifest themselves in a high anxiety level among students, which necessitates the development of hygienic principles for the formation of a health-saving environment.

Introduction: During lockdown, a student is influenced by a combination of external factors including family environment, increased social and emotional stress, higher educational and computer load, and higher responsibility for doing homework, which inevitably changes his psychoemotional sphere and coping behavior. In order to study characteristics of psychoemotional and behavioral reactions of schoolchildren before and during 2020 COVID-19 lockdown, we conducted a questionnaire-based survey of 1,160 fifth to eleventh graders aged 11–18 in the city of Chelyabinsk. Results: We established a high level of reactive anxiety in 7.9 % and 9.9 % and a low level in 63.4 % and 59.4 % of schoolchildren before and during lockdown, respectively. A high level of personal anxiety was observed in 33.6 % and 42.6 % of children and a low level – in 19.8 % and 16.8 % of schoolchildren before and during lockdown, respectively. Higher levels of reactive and personal anxiety were more prevalent in girls than in boys. We noted a high and increased levels of aggression in 78.6 % and 80.5 % and very high and high levels of neuroticism in 44.6 % and 44.4 % of the respondents before and during school closure, respectively. A high level of emotional excitability and neurotization was observed in one third of the surveyed schoolchildren. The number of respondents with a high level of neurotization and emotional excitability rose by 7.5 % and 4.0 % during lockdown, respectively. The proportion of successful distance learning schoolchildren increased by 16.8 %. Conclusions: Lockdown contributed to the increase in the levels of anxiety, aggressiveness, and neuroticism in school-age adolescents. The number of respondents complaining of sleep disturbance, visual impairment and headaches became 2.7, 1.1, and 1.1 times higher during lockdown. We revealed significant differences in sleep disorders, headaches, dizziness, complaints of vision impairment, fatigue, and irritability between successful and unsuccessful schoolchildren (p < 0.05).

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The current system of socio-hygienic monitoring provides the solution of the following tasks: priority and systematization of risk factors, assessment and forecast of risk for the health of the children population, planning and control of the activities of supervisory authorities with the introduction of a risk-based approach into their practice. Therefore, there was a need to summarize the huge and insufficiently systematic material of many-years research to assess the risk fir the health of the children population. The paper summarizes the materials of the annual “State Reports on the Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population of the Chelyabinsk Region” over the past three years. There is given an assessment of the risk forecast, including an assessment of the risk to the health of the children population, statistical methods for analyzing and assessing the structure of diseases under the influence of environmental factors, social factors and a risk-based approach to control and surveillance activities to assess the sanitary and epidemiological situation at educational facilities. There are identified main priority sanitary and epidemiological, social risk factors that form negative trends in the health status of the region’s children, with an analysis of the structure of their incidence, an assessment of the risk of multi-environmental exposure to chemical environmental factors. The causal relationship between the morbidity structure in children and adolescents with the negative influence of environmental factors and their lifestyle has been revealed. The on-alertness for the health of the child population living in three territories of the region is noted to be in the range of acceptable risk. The analysis of carcinogenic risk revealed the main risk factors for the population when consuming water and agricultural products to include the presence of arsenic and chloroform in them. In 2018, 0.05% of children’s organizations were established to be assigned to the high-risk group, 6.5% - to the significant-risk group, and 1.9% - to the low-risk group. The implemented risk-based approach to the practice of control and supervision activities of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare and systematic long-term monitoring of data made it possible to improve the sanitary and epidemiological situation at the objects of education and training of children and adolescents.