either 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 CRAB features at initial presentation, with a score of 0 denoting a diagnosis of smouldering myeloma. We then studied the relationship between CRAB score and overall survival using Kaplan Meier curves plotted by the statistics programme SPSS. Results: Our analysis reveals that each additional CRAB feature confers a stepwise statistically significant poorer outcome in terms of overall survival as shown in Figure 1a. This result was regardless of the treatment regimen the patient received and gave 5-year survival percentages of 81%, 58%, 41%, 22% and 0% for patients with CRAB scores 0-4 respectively. We also found CRAB score to have coherence with the current International Staging System (ISS) scoring system, which combines serum albumin as a measure of general patient health with β2-microglobulin as a measure of tumour bulk to estimate risk. Cytogenetic data required for the revised ISS score was not undertaken for the majority of patients, highlighting the lack of feasibility of this system in practice, although we did observe higher CRAB scores for those patients identified with poor risk chromosomal abnormalities. A trend for higher ISS score with higher CRAB score was observed, further validating the CRAB scoring system (figure 1b). Summary/Conclusion: Our study shows that the CRAB score yields accurate prognostic predictions for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma based on simple clinical criteria. It has more prognostic categories than the currently used ISS score (5 versus 3) and superior clinical utility than expensive and time-consuming cytogenetic-based scoring systems that have been recently described. These results indicate that the CRAB score may provide a useful and reliable tool to guide prognostic evaluation in newly diagnosed myeloma patients, requiring only routine laboratory testing to be undertaken, and therefore greater availability to patients in diverse clinical settings.
Цель. Ранняя диагностика и лечение нарушений ритма и проводимости у пациентов, принимающих ибрутиниб. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 206 пациентов, имевших показания к назначению ибрутиниба. Из них 193 больных находятся на разных этапах терапии-от 1,5 до 51 мес. Включены пациенты с хроническим лимфоцитарным лейкозом, мантийноклеточной лимфомой, макроглобулинемией Вальденстрема в возрасте 59-72 года (медиана 66 лет). Было 70 женщин в возрасте 54-71 год (медиана 64 года) и 123 мужчины в возрасте 60-72 года (медиана 66 лет). Для раннего выявления нарушений ритма и проводимости всем больным проводили ЭКГ в динамике, суточное мониторирование ЭКГ по Холтеру. Результаты. Фибрилляция предсердий (ФП) зарегистрирована у 21 (12 %) пациента в срок 1-24 мес. терапии ибрутинибом. Наиболее часто ФП регистрируется в первые 6 мес. терапии ибрутинибом. До назначения препарата ФП в анамнезе имели 18 (10,5 %) пациентов. Таким образом, под наблюдением находятся всего 39 больных с ФП, получающих ибрутиниб. Из них показания к назначению антикоагулянтов в соответствии со шкалой CHA 2 DS 2-VASc имеют 27 (69 %) пациентов. Тяжелая атриовентрикулярная блокада выявлена у 2 (1 %) больных, что потребовало установки электрокардиостимулятора (ЭКС). У 2 (1 %) пациенток зарегистрировано развитие тяжелой наджелудочковой тахикардии с частотой до 295 уд./мин, что потребовало проведения абляции. У одного из пациентов с постоянной формой ФП выявлены паузы ритма, установлен ЭКС. Заключение. Развитие ФП у больных, получающих лечение ибрутинибом, не является критерием отмены препарата и не требует прекращения его приема. Антикоагулянты пациентам с ФП назначали согласно существующим рекомендациям в соответствии со шкалой CHA 2 DS 2-VASc, что требовало осторожности и динамического наблюдения за больными. Тяжелые нарушения
Background: Renal failure (RF) is a common complication of multiple myeloma found in 25% at diagnosis and in 50% during the course of the disease. RF persistence after induction treatment may constitute a factor of ineligibility for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). However, its impact on toxicity and survival post-ASCT is still subject to discussion. Aims: We aimed to compare the toxicity and survival after ASCT in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients (pts) with or without RF at diagnosis Methods: Retrospective comparative study of two groups of NDMM pts without RF at diagnosis (Group 1: G1) or with RF at diagnosis (Group 2: G2). These patients were treated according to the Tunisian national referential by dexamethasone, thalidomide +/ -bortezomib and transplanted at the hematology department of the national center of bone marrow transplant between January 2011 and December 2016. The IMWG 2014 and IMWG 2016 response criteria were used to assess hematologic and renal response respectively. Results: Data from 134 patients were analyzed. Median age at ASCT was 54 years (range, 25-65). Sex ratio was 1.2. In all, 114 (85%) and 20 (15%) pts were included in G1 and G2 respectively. In G2, 13 pts (65%) had severe renal impairment at diagnosis; 2 of them required at least one dialysis session. After induction, renal response was complete (70%), partial (15%) or minor (15%). As a pre-transplant conditioning, all pts in G1 received melphalan (MEL) at the dose of 200 mg/m 2 . In G2, pts received either MEL 200 mg/m 2 (85%) or MEL 140 mg/m 2 (15%).
Венозные тромбозы/тромбоэмболии (ВТЭ) являются частым осложнением и признаются одной из основных причин смертности у пациентов с опухолями. Обычно у онкологических больных имеется несколько факторов риска развития венозного тромбоза, в том числе операция, иммобилизация, наличие центрального катетера, химиотерапия. Эффективная профилактика и лечение ВТЭ снижают уровень заболеваемости и смертности, а также улучшают качество жизни онколо-гических больных. Низкомолекулярные гепарины (НМГ) являются эффективными и безопасными средствами для профи-лактики и лечения ВТЭ при раке.Ключевые слова: онкология, тромбозы, профилактика, низкомолекулярные гепарины, бемипарин. V.V. PTUSHKIN, MD, Prof. PREVENTION OF THROMBOTHIC COMPLICATIONS IN CANCER PATIENTS IN HIGH-RISK GROUPSVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in patients with malignant disease. Cancer-associated thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Several risk factors for developing venous thrombosis usually coexist in cancer patients including surgery, hospital admissions and immobilization, the presence of an indwelling central catheter, chemotherapy. Effective prophylaxis and treatment of VTE reduced morbidity and mortality, and improved quality of life. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is preferred as an effective and safe means for prophylaxis and treatment of VTE.
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