The aim: Of the paper is to analyze the current views on diagnosis and management of diphtheria in children. Materials and methods: The data of scientific literature have been analyzed, using the bibliosemantic method of study. Conclusions: The specific prophylaxis is recommended to prevent the infection. It has cross-protection against different strains.

The flu problem is becoming more urgent, as the incidence in Ukraine over the last decade is 7-8 million people annually, of which about 30% are children. Hospitalization of children under 5 years 120-123 per 100 thousand population per year and average bed-day is 6.5 days. Influenza complications are a major threat to the lives of children. According to the Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 5.4 million people were infected with influenza and SARS during the 2018/2019 epidemic, 65.3% of whom were children. The flu claimed the lives of 64 Ukrainians, including 12 children, under the age of 17. None of the dead were vaccinated for the flu, 11 people did not seek medical help at all, and one of five people sought help with a critical deterioration in health on the 6 day or later. Among 2927 laboratory-tested influenza patients, 30% had positive results, with the predominance of type A influenza virus. For the purpose of the publication, the authors set out to focus on the circumstances of the occurrence of Ray syndrome with the analysis of a clinical case of a 2 years child, who was in the regional clinical infectious hospital, in the intensive care unit. The condition of the child was found to be severe and a fatal incident was noted on the 5th day of stay in the department of the intensive care unit in the regional infectious hospital. The final clinical diagnosis after a detailed laboratory and instrumental examination was made at an expanded council of doctors of the regional clinical infectious hospital in Poltava and the above mentioned narrow specialists: Flu A / H1N1, toxic form, severe course. Toxic encephalopathy. Brain edema, dislocation of its structures. Toxic hepatitis. Ascites. Erosive gastritis. Gastrointestinal bleeding. Acute kidney damage. Gastrointestinal bleeding. Anuria. Acute renal failure. ICE Syndrome. Non-rheumatic carditis (pancarditis, pericarditis). Heart failure 3 degree. Polyseritis. Deficiency anemia. Ray syndrome.