One of the ways to solve the problem of deteriorating human health can be the widespread use of plant products, among which the most valuable are vegetable oils, including amaranth oil. It contains a complex of vitamins, micro- and macroelements, unsaturated fatty acids and essential amino acids and a unique natural biologically active substance, squalene, which performs a number of key functions in the human body. However, post-harvest processing of amaranth grain, in particular drying, and its subsequent storage in different conditions can significantly impair its valuable natural properties. The research presents the results of studies of changes in the chemical composition and microbiological characteristics of amaranth grain in the process of drying and storage in different conditions, which will ensure its guaranteed quality during storage. The effect of drying amaranth to humidity of 9% at temperatures of 50 °С and 60 °С , has been studied on the total amount of saponified substances, content of squalene, linolenic, linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids, which were determined by gas – liquid chromatography. It has been found that after drying amaranth grain there is a decrease in the content of saponified substances by 10% and squalene by 14% compared to freshly harvested grain, and the content of free fatty acids in the unsaponified fraction remains unchanged. When storing amaranth during the year at temperatures of +5 °С, +15 °С and +25 °С and relative humidity of 55% and 75%. Changes in the content of such basic indicators of grain quality as protein, starch, fiber, fat, ash, as well as acid number and acidity of fat were determined. At the same time, the protein content decreased by 13.5%, starch by 8.7%, fat by 29.0%. The content of fiber and ash has not changed. Under the same storage conditions, there was also a significant deterioration in the quality of fat -acid number increased by 6.9 times, the acidity of the alcohol extract by 2.9 times. When storing amaranth at a temperature of +5 °С and a relative humidity of 55%, the decrease in the content of the main components was significantly smaller and amounted to 8.1% for protein, 2.9% for starch and 4.2% for fat. Under the same conditions, the activity of microorganisms is significantly reduced, which allowed to recommend these storage conditions for industrial use.

Об'єктом дослідження є гігроскопічні властивості не обрушеного (з квітковими плівками) та обрушеного (зі знятими плівками) зерна спельти. Однією з проблем є те, що під час післязбирального оброблення та зберігання зерна спельти у різних умовах довкілля може відбуватись його зволоження, яке може призводити до погіршення якості зібраного врожаю. Для запобігання цьому необхідно знати гігроскопічні властивості спельти, зокрема її рівноважну вологість, в залежності від параметрів повітря-його температури і відносної вологості. Перспективним є прогнозування рівноважної вологості спельти відповідно умов її оброблення чи зберігання, що дозволить уникати небажаних наслідків. Для дослідження гігроскопічних властивостей не обрушеної та обрушеної спельти використовували поширений тензометричний метод визначення рівноважної вологості. Досліди проводили в діапазоні температур повітря 5…25 °С та його відносної вологості 33…70 %, які моделюють умови активного вентилювання та зберігання зерна у різні пори року. Отримано чисельні значення рівноважної вологості спельти сорту Зоря України 2016 р. врожаю за вказаних діапазонів температур та відносної вологості повітря. Рівноважна вологість не обрушеної спельти (в квіткових плівках) знаходиться в межах 9,35…13,78 %, обрушеної (без плівок)-в межах 9,98…14,58 %. Порівняно з не обрушеною спельтою, рівноважна вологість обрушеної вища на 0,42…0,74 %, що необхідно враховувати при зберіганні останньої. Встановлено характер залежності рівноважної вологості не обрушеної та обрушеної спельти від параметрів навколишнього повітря-температури та відносної вологості. Запропоновано емпіричне рівняння, яке дозволяє прогнозувати значення рівноважної вологості спельти залежно від параметрів довкілля. Це дозволяє обґрунтувати раціональні режими післязбирального оброблення спельти, насамперед активного вентилювання, прогнозувати терміни безпечного зберігання залежно від умов зовнішнього середовища та запобігати зниженню показників якості зерна. Ключові слова: зберігання зерна спельти, тензометричний метод, гігроскопічні властивості, рівноважна вологість, ізотерми сорбції.

In enterprises with limited capacities and a low-powered grain drying facilities there is a problem of economical and reliable storage of dry, wet and moist grains. One of the options for its successful solution is the application of grain storage technology in silo bags, tested in many enterprises, the basic principle of which is based on the self-preservation of grain under hermetic conditions in an environment of carbon dioxide. To implement this technology, it is necessary to determine the suitability of the batch of grain for loading in the silo bags on the basis of an operational analysis of the grain quality. After loading the grain, the silo bags are sealed, the grain mass is stored for a certain time and then unloaded. After many years of industrial testing of grain storage technology in silobags, recommendations have been developed that allow to ensure the quantity and proper quality of grain in the process of implementation of the technology. To do this, it is provided to carry out a whole range of activities - personnel training, the selection and preparation of a storage area for grain, deratization, the determination of the quality of grain at all stages and a safe shelf-life, depending on the condition of the grain, weighing of the grain; loading silo bags and placing them on the site; drawing of marks for identification of silobags; monitoring of the state of silo bags and grain and the restoration of the integrity of the silo bags throughout the storage period; accounting for grain in the silobags; processing of unconditioned grain; object protection, final analysis of the work performed, identify problems and ways to solve them. The storage site for grain in the silo bags must be cleaned of stubble and grass, sharp objects, grain residues, solid hardwood or the most densely packed soil (the clay surface is undesirable, as precipitation makes imposible laying and unloading of silobags), ensure no stagnation of water during rains and melting snow, provide the possibility of free movement of special equipment on the site. It must be deratized and fenced with a mesh with small openings, a height of at least 1 m and dipped. The analysis of the characteristics of three-layer silobags showed that to optimize the storage of dry grain, it is advisable to use the largest silobags of 90 m in length, since they have a larger capacity, there will be less time spent on dressing and sealing the silobags, saving space between the silo bags lying along one another , there will be less length of silobags to go for tying, as well as saving money on the cost of silobags, the cost of working time and fuel (decreases the number of transfers of special equipment). It is advisable to take into account the possibility of unloading the sleeve during one shift. At all stages (loading, storage, unloading) the determination of the quality of grain, monitoring the condition and restoring the integrity of the silo bags checking the sanitary condition of the site and the presence of baits should be carried out. Precautions should be observed, grain accounting, working with non-standard grain and final analysis of grain storage results should be carried out.

The object of the study is the treatment of wheat grain with an electromagnetic field (EMF) of extremely low frequencies (ELF), the subjects of the study are the quality indicators of wheat seed grain of the Shestopalivka variety 2019 and 2020 crops grown in the Odesa region. (Ukraine). Problematic issues in the treatment of wheat grain with ELF EMF are the rationale for the duration of treatment of grain and the frequencies of EMF that improves the quality of seeds. The studies used methods of laboratory determination of seed quality indicators, calculation of statistical characteristics of the length of sprouts, and graphical methods for interpreting the results of studies. The studies substantiated the modes of treatment wheat grain with ELF EMF, which improves the quality of seeds and reduces the energy intensity of treatment. The effect of the duration of grain treatment and the frequency of EMF on the germination and characteristics of the length of seed shoots was studied. It has been established that, compared with untreated grain, the treatment of grain with an EMF with a frequency of 30 Hz, a magnetic induction of 10 mT for 6 minutes increases grain germination by 2–3 %, gives longer and 1.44–1.53 times more uniformly sprouted sprouts. Treatment within 60 min. reduces up to 9 % the germination of grain, the size of the shoots, increases their unevenness in length. The effect of seed germination activation by EMF treatment increases after 19 days of storage. Treatment of wheat grain in 2019 with ELF EMF at a frequency of 15–17 Hz with a magnetic induction of 10 mT for 6 min. changes germination within ±3 % control. The germination of the treated grain of wheat in 2020 of the crop decreases relative to the control to 13 % (with the exception of the frequency of 16.5 Hz, at which it did not change). Thus, the treatment of wheat grain with EMF makes it possible to influence the quality of seed grain. The results obtained encourage further research with a wider range of regime parameters and areas of wheat cultivation.

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