Among the representatives of the Actinidia Lindl. genus, Actinidia kolomikta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. is valued as the most winter-hardy variety with high taste and dietary properties. The Federal Horticultural Research Centre for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery has a live collection of Actinidia, which includes more than a hundred cultivated forms and varieties. In this study, ash content in Actinidia kolomikta fruits of 10 varieties and collection samples was studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy using an analytical scanning electron microscope JEOL JSM6090 LA. A decreasing series was established for the accumulation of ash elements in the fruits of the studied samples: Ca> K> P> Mg> Mo> S> Se> Zn> Fe> Co> Si> Na. In terms of accumulation of useful macro- and micronutrients, the most valuable varieties were identified. The total accumulation of macronutrients in the fruit ash ranged from 28.6 to 45.3 wt%. This indicator was the highest in the fruits of Dolgovechnaya, Uslada and Vinogradnaya (42.068–45.638 wt%). The fruits of the Uslada variety were distinguished by a high content of phosphorus (5.89), silicon (0.504), sulfur (1.34) and potassium (23.596 wt%). In terms of micronutrient accumulation, the Pamyati Kolbasinoj variety (4.904 wt%) showed the highest levels of molybdenum (3.804) and selenium (0.801 wt%). Iron accumulated more readily in the fruits of the Uslada variety (0.161), cobalt — in Nadezhda (0.157), zinc — in Vinogradnaya (0.247) and Chempion (0.195). A statistically significant positive correlation (r > 0.7) was revealed in the accumulation of the following pairs of ash elements: sodium — sulfur (r = 0.70), phosphorus — potassium (r = 0.75), silicon — iron (r = 0.76), as well as molybdenum with phosphorus (r = 0.84), sulfur (r = 0.83) and potassium (r = 0.71). A statistically significant negative correlation was observed only for the accumulation of phosphorus and calcium (r = -0.71). According to the results, the fruits of the Actinidia kolomikta varieties under study can be an additional or alternative source of dietary minerals in functional food products.

In recent years, raspberry breeding has shifted its emphasis from agronomic performance to characteristics related to the sensory qualities of the fruit and its potential health benef its. The therapeutic and preventive properties of raspberries are related to their biochemical composition. In this regard, the purpose of the work was to determine the content of macro-and micronutrients in fruits of different cultivars of repair raspberry using modern high-tech analytical methods and the selection of genetic sources of the analyzed elements for further breeding. The objects of the research were 17 cultivars of repair raspberry of different ecological and geographical origin from the genetic plant bioresource collection of FSBSO ARHCBAN. It was found that the ash residue of berries contains 12 major elements, which form the following descending series: K > P > Mg ≥ Mo > Ca > S ≥ Ni > Zn > Mn > Se > Fe ≥ Co. The largest proportion of ash residue in raspberry fruits is K. Depending on the cultivar, its quantity averaged from 12.81 wt % (Samorodok and Karamelka) to 22.37 wt % (Atlant). The minimum K content was observed in the ash of the Carolina cultivar (5.62 wt %), while in berries of this cultivar Mg (2.91), Ca (2.62) and Zn (0.14 wt %) accumulated above average. Among the group of early maturing cultivars, the cultivar Yubileinaya Kulikova stands out with a high content of Mo (4.63), Ca (2.19), Fe (0.25) and Co (0.21 wt %). The cultivar Pingvin is characterized by a high content of K (22.65) and Se (0.31 wt %). The medium maturity cultivar Samorodok is characterized by a higher content of P (4.08), S (0.47), Ni (0.51) and Zn (0.26 wt %). Among the late maturing cultivars, the cultivar Poranna Rosa stands out with the preferential accumulation of nine elements: Mg (2.98), P (4.42), S (0.36), K (20.34), Ca (1.71), Mn (0.14), Co (0.13), Se (0.21) and Mo (3.08 wt %). Correlation relationships between the elements have been established. Samples with the highest accumulation of macro-and microelements in berries represent genetic sources for further selection of raspberry for improvement of the mineral composition of fruits.

The results of the field observations and biochemical researches of plum (PrunusrossicaErem.) fruits grown in the garden of intensive type with agrogenic soil in row spacing are presented in the article. The fruits of plum breeds Kubanskaya kometa и Naidena were gathered from the trees grafted on different stocks. The influene of the stock on the trees productivity, the fruit weight and biochemical structure of the plum fruits were studied. Basic chemical analyses, ascorbic acid concentration, antioxidant activity and fruit ash content were determined. The variation limits of the parameters under study depending on the used stock were shown. The best degustation evaluation parameters were found at the combinations of Kubanskaya kometa on stocks OPA-15-2 and Novinka, Naidena on OPA-15-2 (more than 4,5 points). The high positive correlation (r= 0.92) was marked between solutable solids and sugars content.The researches about the stock influence on the plum fruits titratable acidity change we have not found.The correlation between AA and ascorbic acid content in the fruits was determined (r =0.7). The decreasing row of the elements content in the plum fruits ash is the following: K>P>Mg>Ca>Mo>Cu>S>Ni>Fe≈Si>Mn. The proportion of K is from 18.67 (Naidena/ОРА-15-2) to 27.48 (Kubanskaya kometa/Novinka); P from 3.35 (Kubanskaya kometa/seedlings P.cerasifera Ehrh. to 6.39 (Kubanskaya kometa/Novinka), Mg from 1.11 (Nnaidena/ОРА-15-2) to 2.43 (Naidena/seedlings P.cerasifera Ehrh.) and Ca from 0.39 (Naidena/13-11) to 1.85 (Naidena/OPA-15-2) mass % respectively. The proportion of the rest elements is not more than 1 mass %.  Under the OPA-15-2 stock influence the trees productivity and the single fruit weight increased, solutable solids, sugars and ascorbic acid concentration in the fruit in comparison with standard stock by the seedling rootstock of alycha (PrunuscerasiferaEhrh. seedlings). While ingrafting by Novinka stocks the parameters under study decreased.

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In 2018-2020, the study was carried out in the Leninsky municipality of Moscow region to explore garden plum in terms of its growth, productivity and morphobiochemical processes depending on the stock. Planting was in 5×2.5 m plots. The subjects of the study include trees of 2 plum varieties (Yaichnaya Sinyaya and Utro) with 5 stocks: plum seedling stock (control), Novinka, OP-23-23, OPA-15-2 and 140-1. The trees were 18 years of age. The influence of the stock on the leaf morphology, biochemical indicators, growth and productivity of grafted plum trees was established. An increase in the linear and radial growth of trees in comparison with the control was noted on clonal stocks OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23, a decrease in height by 15-20% – on 140-1 and Novinka stocks. The minimal average length of shoots was identified for trees grafted on the 140-1 and Novinka (9-12 cm) stocks. When grafted on OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 stocks, the total shoot growth was 1.7 times greater than on the seedling stock. The leaf area ranged from 21.4 (Yaichnaya Sinyaya/seedling stock) to 36.2 m2/tree. (Utro/OPA-15-2). Th e low-growing tree stock 140-1 produced a smaller assimilation apparatus than in the control. The leaf area index ranged from 4.3 to 7.2. The OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 clonal stocks provided the optimal values of the leaf biometric indicators. The study of leaf microsculpture revealed the morphological differences depending on the stock for total number of stomata and their size. The stomatal index ranged from 1.7 to 2.0. The influence of stock on the content of photosynthetic pigments and their ratio was established by means of spectrophotometry. An increase in the content of the sum of chlorophylls (a + b) to 8.3 mg/ml and their highest ratio was observed in the leaves of the Utro/OPA- 15-2 and Yaichnaya Sinyaya/OP-23-23 combinations. The maximum values of antioxidant activity (over 90%) and content of phenolic compounds in leaves were recorded with OP-23-23 stock. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed quantitative differences in the composition of low-molecular metabolites (glycerol, myo-inositol, fumaric-, quinic- and lactic acids) depending on the stock. The productivity of garden plum varieties was 1.4-1.9 times higher when grafted with OPA-15-2, Novinka and OP-23-23 in comparison with seedling stock. Cultivation of the Yaichnaya Sinyaya variety with these stocks resulted in an increase in yield from 8 to 15 tonnes/ha, and cultivation of the Utro variety – from 12 to 18 tonnes/ha.