The state of health in children and adolescents during the time of education in secondary schools is getting worse: the prevalence rate of functional disorders and chronic diseases is increasing. There was executed the assessment of the overwroughtness of the training-education process in secondary school institutions. The prior characteristics of the educational activity are: intellectual, sensory, emotional loads; their monotony and mode of educational activity, school work intensity. The system of indices of the overwroughtness of the education labour was formed with account ofpsycho-physiological characteristics of children's organism. There was performed the research of the overwroughtness of educational activity in 820 schoolchildren. The overwroughtness of the educational process was evaluated on the basis of chronometry research, questionnaire survey of teachers and parents, and with taking into account the organization of educational process. In questionnaire survey there were involved 52 teachers and 389 parents. The assessment of overwroughtness factors of the educational activity was carried out in 5-10th classes for academic disciplines: Russian Language, Literature, Mathematics, History, Geography, Foreign Languages. It was found that the characteristics of "mental load" in schoolchildren are established to be the one of the main limiting factors that allow to refer training activities to "overwroughted of first degree" (3.1 class). Sensory loads on the studied academic subjects are rated as the second class of overwroughtness and are "permissible." The monotony of loads was revealed to correspond to 1st and 2nd class of overwroughtness and is therefore an optimal or acceptable. Training activities in the traditional educational institution corresponds to the 2nd class of overwroughtness - "permissible." The arduousness of the educational process in an innovative school is rated as the third class of the first degree ofthe overwroughtness (3.1). According to results of the study of the arduousness of the educational labor the study of mathematics in grades 5-9 on indices of the mental load was noted to correspond to the 1st degree of arduous activity (3.1 class). The acceptable level of the arduousness of the training and educational labour in nearly all classes was established in the Russian language, Literature, History and Geography, Foreign language. High school students are established to be exposed to effects of emotional load more than mid-level students. There are developed proposals on the optimization of the learning process, allowing to reduce the level of intellectual, sensory, emotional load.
Introduction. Changes in the education system have an impact on the health of schoolchildren. Purpose. To study the dependence of the adaptive capacity of schoolchildren studying in schools of various types on the intensity of educational work. Material and methods. The adaptive abilities of the organism of children (aged 7-17 years) were studied in conditions of different intensity of the educational process. There were surveyed 472 cases from traditional schools, 482 people - from specialized schools. We evaluated the statistical significance of the differences in quantitative (Student t-test) and qualitative traits (χ2). The relationship was studied using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results. The intensity of educational work accounted for 3.6-3.8 points in 52 ± 2.4% of students in specialized type; 1.6-3.5 - in traditional schools. Intellectual loading is the most sensitive index when training in programs with a specialized study of subjects. The adaptive potential of students of specialized schools in a state of functional stress in the lower grades is found by 1.8 times (p < 0.002), on average - 2.2 times (p < 0.001), more often than in traditional schools. However, the proportion of children with functional stress in the upper grades does not differ (22-27%). A high direct correlation was found between the values of the adaptive potential and intellectual loads. Conclusion. Criteria for learning loads requiring a review of their volume in the curriculum of specialized schools are identified. The negative impact of school loads on the adaptive capabilities of a growing organism has been proven.
The transition to a new stage of the development - the information society is an objective reality and has an influence on all areas of the activity of the society, including the establishment of a child as an object of the hygienic research. In conditions of the general informatization of the society, the appearance of so-called “clip thinking,” explains the maladjustment of educational technologies to mechanisms of children ’ and teenagers ’perception and is confirmed by the growth of the school pathology and the gain in the morbidity rate. In the investigation on the example of the educational institutions of Irkutsk it was executed the evaluation of the impact of the intensification of informatization of education and personal development. For the investigation there were formed 2 groups ofpreschools with different levels of informatization in the same preschool institution of the central district of the city of Irkutsk but in different periods of time. In total there were observed 211 children aged of 5.5 to 6.5 years. For the study the influence of the intensification (and informatization of training there were formed 2 groups of small schoolchildren with different levels of intensification (and informatization) of education. The total number of cases accountedfor 465 children aged of 7-9 years. There were suggested methodical approaches to the estimation of the health status of the children, with taking into account the inevitable influence offactors of informatization and the intensification of education. The performed investigations have allowed to reveal the following tendencies in the shaping of the psychophysical state of health and development of children: an increase of level of informatization of education and personal and accomplishment; intensification of learning working; reduction of the attention level; imagination and visual divergence; capability to the linear differentiation and construction of inferences; fear to fail to meet the expectations of surrounding people and low resistance to stress; the increase speed of data processing along with fall in quality; the gain in hyperactivity.
The review of the publications devoted to the methods of early diagnosing autism spectrum disorders (ASD) among children. The spread of this pathology causes mixed assessments in scientific community. The frequency of ASD in different countries makes up from 5 to 90 among 10,000 children and teenagers. An increase in morbidity makes the problem of diagnosing ASD among children very urgent. The main method of diagnosing is behavioral, but they allow to diagnose autism when the child is older than 1.5 years old, when medical and corrective actions are no longer effective. The prenatal diagnostics of the ASD are almost unused. The methods of genetic analysis are considered to be additional and don’t have the direct diagnostic meaning connected with the lack of clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of ASD. According to Russian medical regulations children having early signs of autism can’t be defined in the age when timely medical treatment is effective. Due to this fact it was concluded that it is necessary to develop screening methods and regulations of providing medical treatment to children an teenagers having ASD.
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