The unfavorable sanitary-epidemiological situation in the conditions of natural disasters and man-made disasters testifies to the need to improve the activities of the sanitary-epidemiological service as one of the most important links in ensuring the safety of the environment for public health. In an emergency situation related to the unfavorable flood situation in the Tuapse district of Krasnodar region in 2012 and 2014, an increase in the incidence of the sum of acute intestinal infections (AII) in the post-flood periods was registered, which exceeded the average long-term morbidity rate by 33.3 % and 20.9 %, respectively. Mostly recorded AII bacterial etiology to 53.8 %, caused by conditionally pathogenic microflora. The peculiarity of the situation was an increase in the population of intestinal infections of viral etiology by 20 times and caused by pathogenic microorganisms by 2 times compared to the preplant period. The share of water factor in the transmission of AII cases was 34.8 % in 2012, 14.7 % in 2014, the leading pathway of infection - contact and household. The implementation of sanitary-hygienic and anti-epidemic measures provided the operational management of the system of life support of the population during the natural disaster.
Summary. Introduction: Identification of hygienic determinants of the epidemic process and their inducing factors is an urgent regional problem that ensures a decrease in infectious disease rates in modern conditions. One of the priority tasks of the Russian economy is the development of beach tourism in coastal areas. Medical tourism is gaining more and more popularity in Russia: this direction is one of the most promising and demanded. According to the Ministry of Economic Development, 45 % of Russian tourists prefer beach holidays. Development of a competitive, highly efficient tourist and recreational complex is impossible without a modern approach to assessing safety of recreational water facilities for the population and minimizing risks of adverse health effects of recreational water use in holidaymakers. The anthropogenic factor influences reliability of assessments of the local hygienic and epidemic situation. The establishment of cause-effect relationships between the environment and the disease is the basis for elaborating preventive actions. The objective of our study was to analyze the incidence of acute intestinal infections in the local population of the Black Sea coast of the Tuapsinsky district, Krasnodar Krai, and visitors from other regions of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods: We applied epidemiological and statistical methods of analyzing disease incidence taking into account terrain features, age of patients, and seasons of the year. Laboratory test results were used to confirm the etiology of diseases registered in the district. Results: We established season- and age-specific increase in the incidence of acute intestinal infections among groups of the local population having excluded cases among the visitors. The incidence was noted for a high rate of acute intestinal infections caused by potentially pathogenic bacteria and viruses in coastal areas with a developed resort and spa infrastructure as compared to the mountainous areas. We also observed a recent rising trend in the incidence of viral gastrointestinal infections with rotaviruses accounting for 89.8 % of all cases of acute intestinal infections in 2018. Discussion: Our findings were used to develop appropriate preventive measures and to make managerial decisions on surveillance of the recreational facilities in order to prevent the risk of gastrointestinal infections in the area and to create a safe environment for tourists. Conclusions: In the summer months, acute intestinal infections in the area were induced by potentially pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The majority of cases were registered among holidaymakers while children aged 1-6 years were most at risk for gastrointestinal infections.
Introduction. The state of the recreational system of the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory is of particular interest and great importance for the development of the medical and health complex in Russia. Currently, the Krasnodar Territory has a state task to develop beach tourism on the sea coast, one of the priority sectors of the Russian economy. Considering the territorial features of the Municipal Formation Tuapse region of the Krasnodar Territory, the priority direction in the work of the Tuapse branch of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Krasnodar Territory is water protection measures aimed at ensuring the safety of public health. The study of the causal relationships of health and the environment based on the materials of social and hygienic monitoring and analysis of information data on indicators of human health and the environment determines the tactics of developing regional short-term and long-term preventive measures and programs to improve the environment and optimize the health of the population. Purpose of the study. studying the sanitary and epidemiological state of the recreation zones (beaches) of the Tuapse district of the Krasnodar region. Materials and methods. the work is based on the materials of annual reports on sanitary and epidemiological well being in the Tuapse region of the Krasnodar Territory, the analysis of expert opinions and laboratory studies carried out by employees of the Tuapse branch of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Krasnodar Territory, the analysis of infectious morbidity, and the analysis of legislative and other regulatory requirements for the establishment and control of the state of recreation zones was also carried out Results and discussion. difficulties with the implementation of sanitary and epidemiological control (supervision) over recreation areas are associated with: the imperfection of modern legislation on recreation zones, lack of publicly available information on the state of recreation areas and programs (plans) of sanitary and recreational activities, need for significant material resources to bring the existing and replace outdated sewage water treatment systems that pollute the water area of recreational areas in compliance with the regulatory requirements. Conclusions. The paper presents the features of the recreational water use of the Tuapse region of the Krasnodar Territory, describes the problems of the improvement of the recreational zones of the region. An analysis of laboratory studies of the recreational waters of the Black Sea over the past ten years and an analysis of the incidence of intestinal and enteroviral infections in the population of the Tuapse region of the Krasnodar Territory were carried out, seasonal fluctuations in the incidence rate were identified (an increase during July-August). The increase in the morbidity rate in the summer is due to the influx of vacationers. The expediency of developing a draft system for assessing the sanitary and epidemiological reliability (disadvantage) of the recreation zone for ranking objects and creating an electronic database of objects is considered. This set of measures will effectively provide a risk-oriented model of sanitary and epidemiological control (supervision) over recreation areas.
Background. Uneven distribution of fresh water sources on the land surface encourages a search for effective techniques of potable water preparation by desalination of seawater. Hygienic issues of such desalination methods as distillation, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and ion exchange have been investigated by now and appropriate limitations, requirements, and additional measures to ensure safety of desalinated drinking water have been established. Objective. To summarize and systematize the results of studying characteristics of various methods of seawater desalination for its further use for drinking and household purposes. Materials and methods. We conducted a systematic review of studies published in Russian and in English, found in the PubMed and Web of Science databases, and selected 40 literary sources containing an empirical assessment of effectiveness of seawater desalination and preparation of drinking water. We also scrutinized regulatory documents and guidelines of domestic sanitary legislation. The research results were systematized by the main desalination methods. Results and discussion. We established that the use of seawater for the preparation of fresh water for drinking and household purposes is becoming increasingly widespread around the world. Drinking water obtained from seawater, in all cases, requires additional treatment and measures to optimize its mineral composition and protect against microorganisms. Conclusion. The main challenges of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population when using desalinated seawater for drinking and household purposes include selection of a source, arrangement of sites of water intake properly protected from natural and man-made pollution, substantiation of techniques and modes of preliminary preparation of source seawater adequate to its composition, basic desalination, ensuring safety of products of destruction and migration of toxic substances from reagents and materials of desalination plants, additional conditioning with the necessary elements and disinfection of the prepared water, as well as environmental protection from desalination waste.
Background. The coronavirus pandemic, also known as the COVID-19 pandemic, introduced significant changes in vital activities of the population and spread of airborne infectious diseases, the study of which enables ranking of preventive measures. The objective of our study was to assess the degree of influence of the lockdown and social distancing imposed in the Krasnodar Krai in 2020 due to the pandemic on the incidence of airborne communicable diseases based on the example of varicella. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of a 10-year incidence of varicella in the population of the Tuapse district, Krasnodar Krai using monthly and annual data on the incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases (Form No. 2) in the Tuapse district for 2011–2020 and the “Population Incidence” software, version 5, by applying standard techniques and methods of studying the epidemic process. Results. Stringent restrictive measures taken in the country in 2020 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant decrease (by 741 %) in the incidence of chickenpox among the population of the Tuapse district compared to the long-term average rate. In April – May and July – September 2020, varicella incidence rates were 30.98 and 7.75 per 100 thousand population or 7.4 and 18.8 times lower than the long-term average, respectively. The majority of chickenpox cases in the Tuapse district (as in the country as a whole) were pediatric – 94.02 % (RF – 94.3 %), with children aged 3 to 6 years making up 61 % of the total. Conclusion. The lockdown and social distancing imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant reducing effect on the incidence of airborne infectious diseases in the population in the absence of effective vaccination.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.