2Ростовская областная клиническая больница, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия Известно, что коронарный атеросклероз имеет более тяжелые последствия при наличии у больного сахарным диа-бетом (СД), так как сочетание этих двух факторов существенно увеличивает риск развития проявлений ишемических болезней сердца (ИБС), часто сочетающихся с пролонгированными атеросклеротическими бляшками в коронарных артериях, многососудистым поражением, поражением левой коронарной артерии. В связи с этим все большее число больных становятся кандидатами на проведение реваскуляризации миокарда. Несмотря на значительные достижения в эндоваскулярной хирургии, результаты коронарного стентирования у больных СД остаются хуже, чем у больных ИБС без диабета. Результаты крупномасштабных исследований свидетельствуют о несомненных преимуществах про-ведения аортокоронарного шунтирования (АКШ) у больных СД при характерном для них многососудистом пораже-нии коронарных артерий.Ключевые слова: обзор, ишемическая болезнь сердца, сахарный диабет, коронарное стентирование, коронарное шунтирование.
Rostov regional clinical hospital, Rostov-on-Don, RussiaIt is known that coronary atherosclerosis has more severe consequences if there is a patient of diabetes, as the combination of these two factors signifi cantly increases the risk of manifestations of CHD, oft en combined with prolonged atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary artery, multivessel coronary artery disease, lesions of the left coronary artery. In this regard, an increasing number of patients are becoming candidates for a revascularization of a myocardium. Despite signifi cant advances in endovascular surgery, the results of coronary stenting in diabetic patients remain worse than in CHD patients without diabetes. Th e results of large-scale studies testify to the undoubted benefi ts of carrying out coronary artery bypass graft ing (CABG) in diabetic patients, with their characteristic multi-vessel lesion of coronary arteries.
Objective: to assess changes in the immune status before and after coronary bypass surgery. Materials and methods: included 70 male patients with coronary atherosclerosis (group 1) and 30 volunteers (group 2) without signs of coronary artery disease comparable in age to group 1. Immunity parameters were studied before surgery, after 4–5, 9–10 and 28–30 days by the method of phenotyping of CD3+ populations; CD3+CD4+; CD3+CD8+; CD3+CD25+; CD3+CD45+; CD3+CD95+; CD4+CD25+; CD4+CD154+; CD19+, CD19+CD40+. The levels of Ig A, M, G were assessed by the method of radial immunodiffusion in the gel. Serum precipitation in polyethylene glycol was used to determine circulating immune complexes. Statistical analysis of the study results was performed using the Statistica 12.0 program (StatSoft, USA). Statistical significance was considered significant at p<0.05. Results: in patients of the IHD group, uncoupling of the processes of T-lymphocyte activation, their maturation and apoptosis was noted; suppression of immunoregulation and activation of intercellular cooperation. After CABG, in dynamics, these processes reflect the multidirectional changes. Conclusions: in patients with coronary atherosclerosis, there is a discoordination of the processes of T-lymphocyte activation, their maturation and apoptosis. Suppression of immunoregulation and activation of intercellular cooperation. In the dynamics after CABG, immunity parameters differ in different directions in different periods of observation and demonstrate different degrees of involvement of adaptive mechanisms of immune defense.
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