Background. In connection with climate change vary known patterns of environmental influences on the ratio of fatty acids(FA) in oil. Therefore,relevant data of modern geography test. Materials and methods. In work 24 lines and 3 commercial varieties of flax including 3 low linolenic (LL) accessions, grown in the Leningrad and Samara regions were used. FA composition was evaluated by gas chromatography for the ratio of palmitic (PAL), stearic (STE), oleic (OLE), linoleic (ω6,LIO), linolenic (ω3, LIN) acids, ω6/ω3 and iodine number of the oil (IOD). Results. The strongest differences are due to the level of LIN. It is lower in LL and gc-119 from India and higher in 3 lines carrying the gene s1 (deranged anthocyanin biosynthesis). In gc-119, contrast to LL, LIN decrease increase of OLE, instead of LIO. In lines with the gene s1 LIN increase due to the OLE reduction. Contrary to earlier publications the seeds of northern reproduction have more PAL, OLE, less LIN, IOD. 2F ANOVA revealed significant effect of genotype and reproductions place on PAL, OLE, LIN, IOD. LIO is affected only by genotype. Independence of ω6/ω3 is explained by strong abnormity of distribution due to LL. In high linolenic (HL) accessions group both factors influenced all characters except STE. Kruskal-Wallis H test (non-parametric 1F ANOVA analogue) show significant effect of genotype and place of reproductions on ω6/ω3. It reveals the impact of the reproduction place on LIN,no significant effect of genotype on OLE and IOD, which in the case of 1F ANOVA were significant. For characters of HL with normal distribution, comparing of both tests showed that in case of 0,01 p 0,09 conclusions concerning significance may vary,but in cases p 0,01 or p 0,10 they are identical. Conclusion. In our studies the geographical effect is less important than the weather in the year of growing. For abnormal distribution it is desirable to use both statistics and carefully make conclusions about the significance of differences in borderline probabilities.

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Flax is an agricultural crop for complex use; it is widely used in textile, paint and varnish, electrical, rubber, leather, pharmaceutical, soap-making, as well as food and other industries. The interest in using flax as a food product is explained by its component structure. Flax seeds contain 25–48% oil and up to 30% protein, they also contain nitrogen – up to 5%, ash – up to 4%, fiber – up to 4.5%. Linseed oil contains up to 16–20% oleic fatty acid, 50–60% linolenic acid, 14–17% linoleic acid, 5–7% palmitic acid, 3–4% stearic acid. Recent studies have revealed the amazing healing properties of flaxseed oil, due to the presence of a large amount of linolenic acid in it. Unsaturated fatty acids accelerate the metabolism of cholesterol in the blood and promote its elimination from the body, improve the metabolism of proteins and fats, have a beneficial effect on blood pressure, relieve spasms of blood vessels and prevent the formation of blood clots and tumors. Flaxseed oil significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular and cancer diseases, allergic reactions. Whole flaxseed does not lose its nutritional qualities for 3 years and is widely used in various countries of the world as popular additive to various types of bread and cereal mixtures, for sprinkling confectionery products. The flour obtained from fat-free seeds is used in various mixtures for baking bread and pastry.

The research was carried out in the fields of Povolzhsky research Institute of selection and seed farming named after P. N. Konstantinov in the laboratory of introduction, selection of feed and oilplants in 2016-2019. The soil of the experimental field is typical low-humic medium-sized light clay chernozem. The object of research was a variety of oilseed flax Kinelsky 2000, approved for use in the Middle Volga region. Agro-climatic conditions in the years of research during the growing season differed both in the amount of rainfalls from 74.3 mm in 2019 to 187.0 mm in 2017, and in the temperature conditions from 1776.50 C in 2017 to 2074.00 C in 2018, which allowed to determine objectively the productivity of oilseed flax. The article shows the results of studying the influence of meteorological conditions on the length of vegetation season, yield, oil content in seeds, oil collection per hectare, plant height, the number of capsules per plant, the number of seeds in a capsule and the weight of 1000 seeds. The correlation of the sum of active temperatures, rainfalls and hydrothermal factor (HTF) for the vegetation period with the main economically valuable characteristics of oilseed flax is established. Analyzing the data obtained, it can be concluded that the yield of oilseeds, plant height, number of seeds in the capsule and oil collection per hectare were significantly affected by the amount of rainfalls during the vegetation period and the HTF. The sum of active temperatures affected the length of the vegetation period and the number of capsules on the plant.