Introduction. The theme of a healthy lifestyle remains relevant at the present time. The function of the dentofacial system is an integral and important component of human health in general, is responsible for speech formation, respiration and nutrition. The goal of orthodontic treatment is to preserve the health of ones own teeth, to establish the correct function of the masticatory apparatus, to create a smile aesthetics, to exclude or facilitate other dental procedures without resorting to more invasive methods of treatment. Orthodontic treatment directly affects the quality of human life, so it is important to understand the need for its timely implementation. A large number of people seek orthodontic care in connection with raising awareness among the population and its availability.Results. The fast pace of development of dentistry and modern technologies allow us to correct both congenital and acquired defects of the dentition. For the adult population, one of the main means of orthodontic treatment is a fixed orthodontic technique, in the form of a bracket system. The average duration of treatment with this method is 1.5-2 years. But already in the first month, the orthodontist dentist observes the presence of plaque in his patients, which occurs due to insufficient oral hygiene.Conclusion. Studies have shown that a low level of hygiene entails the growth of carious and periodontopathogenic microflora, as a result of which irreversible changes occur on the surface of the teeth, leading to enamel demineralization and hypersensitivity, the occurrence of gingivitis and periodontitis. These changes, or the risk of their occurrence, force the dentist to prematurely remove orthodontic equipment without achieving the desired result. An analysis of the causes of this problem and the coverage of research results indicate the need to improve the methodology of individual oral hygiene in order to avoid the side effects of orthodontic treatment.

This article discusses a modern vision of the impact of type 2 diabetes in the morphology and function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Based on a number of studies, a more severe course of TMJ dysfunction was revealed in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with individuals without diabetes. We established the interconnection between the age of patients, the duration of diabetes and the degree of manifestation of TMJ dysfunction. Peripheral diabetic neuropathy is determined by an independent risk factor for TMJ dysfunction. Pathological changes in the structures of the TMJ and periarticular tissues have been described in rats with diabetes. The study of the possible morphological damage to the components of the TMJ in patients with type 2 diabetes remains relevant.

Aim. To study the impact of the aesthetic component of dental health on the quality of life of young patients. Methods. 83 subjects with violation of the aesthetics of hard tissues of the anterior group of teeth were examined and treated. Assessment of stability of composite restorations with materials of Russian and foreign production was carried out according to Ryge criteria. A brief questionnaire (the world health organization quality of life WHOQOL-BREF) was used to assess the quality of life. Results. With the material Filtek Z550 violation of surface preservation occurred in 6 (15.8%) out of 38 men and only 1 (2.2%) out of 45 women (p=0.026). With Estelux NK material the violation of the seal surface preservation occurred in 5 (13.2%) out of 38 men and 2 (4.4%) out of 45 women, the findings are not statistically significant (p=0.15). The total index of quality of life in men and women significantly improved 6 months after the restoration and amounted to 88.7±5.4 points (p=0.024) and 88.4±7.3 (p=0.034), respectively, compared to test results prior to treatment. Stability of the quality of the restoration according to Ryge criteria of both photocomposite materials (Estelux NK and Filtek Z550) had no significant differences, therefore, the domestic material Estelux NK, taking into account its financial availability, can be recommended for aesthetic dental rehabilitation of young patients. Conclusion. Restoration of the aesthetic optimum of men and women of young age leads to a subjective improvement of psychological comfort and objective increase of self-perception indices.

The aim of the study is to optimize the routine work of a dentist to control the quality of photocomposite restorations of the frontal group of teeth. Materials and methods. 30 people with violation of aesthetics of hard tissues of the anterior group of vital teeth (n = 166) were examined and treated. The quality of the produced restorations was assessed according to the generally accepted Ryge criteria by the classical method and using the “Intraoral optical microscope” [1] immediately after the restoration, 6 and 12 months later. Results and discussion. There were no significant differences in the stability of restorations according to the Ryge criteria when using foreign and domestic composites (p > 0.05). After 6 months, color stability, edge fit and roughness decreased in both cases (p > 0.05). When comparing the restorations immediately after the filling, 6 and 12 months after the Ryge criteria by the classical method of quality assessment and using the “Intraoral optical microscope”, statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences were found in terms of “edge adaptation”, “secondary caries”, “surface roughness”, “change in the color of the edges of the cavity”; at the same time, such criteria as “color matching” and “preservation of anatomical shape” when using both methods had minor differences. Summary. Stability in the quality of the restorations according to the criteria Ryge both photocomposite materials (Estelux NK and Filtek Z550), no significant differences were found. Therefore, the domestic material Estelux NK, taking into account its financial availability can be recommended as a composite of choice in aesthetic dental rehabilitation. To control the results of treatment with the use of restoration photocomposites, it is possible to recommend the generally recognized Ryge criteria with the use of an “Intraoral optical microscope” due to greater objectivity and simplicity in application.

АННОТАЦИЯ Цель. В статье представлены особенности потери зубов у взрослых людей с учётом их возраста, пола и места проживания. Материалы и методы. В ходе проведения стоматологического обследования 3329 (1760 мужчин и 1569 женщин) взрослых людей в возрасте от 18 до 102 лет, проживающих в городах и сельской местности Краснодарского края Российской Федерации, изучены особенности потери зубов с учётом их возраста, пола и места проживания. Определена нуждаемость взрослых людей в зубном протезировании. Результаты. В ходе проведённого клинического исследования были установлены возрастные и половые особенности потери зубов у городского и сельского населения Краснодарского края Российской Федерации. Во всех возрастных группах, не зависимо от места проживания, отмечена тенденция к потери большего числа зубов у мужчин. В пожилом, старческом возрасте и среди долгожителей полная потеря зубов чаще встречалась у женщин. Заключение. Анализ потери зубов у взрослого населения разных возрастных групп демонстрировал, что не зависимо от места их проживания для повышения уровня стоматологического здоровья взрослого населения города и села необходимо совершенствовать программы профилактики, затрагивающие не только детское население и подростков, но и взрослое, в том числе старших возрастных групп. Ключевые слова: взрослое население, частичная и полная потеря зубов, население города и села, возрастные и половые особенности потери зубов