Non-selective inhibitors of cholinesterases (ChEs) are clinically used for treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG). While being generally safe, they cause numerous adverse effects including induction of hyperactivity of urinary bladder and intestines affecting quality of patients life. In this study we have compared two ChEs inhibitors, a newly synthesized compound C547 and clinically used pyridostigmine bromide, by their efficiency to reduce muscle weakness symptoms and ability to activate contractions of urinary bladder in a rat model of autoimmune MG. We found that at dose effectively reducing MG symptoms, C547 did not affect activity of rat urinary bladder. In contrast, at equipotent dose, pyridostigmine caused a significant increase in tonus and force of spontaneous contractions of bladder wall. We also found that this profile of ChEs inhibitors translates into the preparation of human urinary bladder. The difference in action observed for C547 and pyridostigmine we attribute to a high level of pharmacological selectivity of C547 in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase as compared to butyrylcholinesterase. These results raise reasonable hope that selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors should show efficacy in treating MG in human patients with a significant reduction in adverse effects related to hyperactivation of smooth muscles.

No abstract

No abstract

Введение. Неизученным является гистоморфологическое состояние и механизмы трансформации кишечного эпителия ортотопического мочевого пузыря.Цель исследования. Изучение морфологических адаптативно-компенсаторные изменений в стен-ке кишечного трансплантата (КТ) и их связь с гомеостазом на различных этапах после оперативного лечения.Материал и методы. Исследовано морфологическое состояние стенки кишечного трансплантата (КТ) у 42 больных, подвергшихся цистэктомии с формированием ортотопического кишечного мочевого пузыря (15-подвздошная кишка, 27 -сигмовидная) на сроках от 1,0 до 6,5 мес. и 1 года и более после оперативного лечения.Результаты. Морфологические изменения, происходящие в стенке КТ начинаются с момента попа-дания в его просвет мочи, что происходит в сочетании с изменением стереотипной динамики органа. Выраженные изменения наблюдаются во всех отделах стенки тонкой и толстой кишки. Происходит регенерация и перестройка эпителия, выражающаяся в атрофии и уменьшении числа всасывающих цилиндрических клеток и увеличении количества слизеобразующих бокаловидных элементов, завер-шающаяся к 12 мес. и более после операции. Это в сочетании с уменьшением числа и размеров вор-син и крипт, редукцией лимфатического русла и склерозом кровеносных сосудов и стромы блокирует всасывание. Увеличение количества слизеобразующих бокаловидных клеток, обеспечивает создание барьера, защищающего слизистую КТ от воздействия мочи.Заключение. Морфологические изменения, происходящие в стенке КТ под воздействием мочи, способствуют сохранению гомеостаза и являются идентичными при толсто-и тонкокишечном вариан-те пластики мочевого пузыря.Ключевые слова: ортотопический мочевой пузырь; кишечный трансплантат; морфологическое строение; регенерация эпителия Introduction. The histomorphological state and mechanisms of transformation of the intestinal epithelium of the orthotopic urinary bladder are unexplored.Purpose of research. The study the morphological adaptive and compensatory changes in the intestinal graft wall (IGW) and their relationship with homeostasis at various stages after surgical treatment.Materials and methods. The morphological state of the intestinal graft wall (IGW) was studied in 42 patient's cystectomy undergoing with the formation of an orthotopic intestinal bladder (15-ileum, 27-sigmoid) at terms from 1 to 6.5 months and 1 year or more after the treatment.Results. Morphological changes occurring in the IGW wall begin with the moment of urine entering the lumen, which occurs in combination with changes in the stereotyped dynamics of the organ. Expressed changes are observed in all parts of the wall of the small and large intestine. There is regeneration and restructuring of the epithelium, expressed in atrophy and a decrease in the number of suction cylindrical cells and an increase in the number of mucus-forming goblet elements, terminating by 12 months and more after the operation. This combined with a decrease in the number and size of villi and crypts, reduction of the lymphatic channel and sclerosis of the blood vessel...

Aim. To determine the frequency and develop methods for prevention of possible complications of transvesical adenomectomy. Methods. Conducted was an analysis of results of surgical treatment of 492 patients with prostate adenoma. One-stage suprapubic transvesical adenomectomy with a primary blind suture of the urinary bladder and hemostasis of the adenoma bed was performed in 347 patients. Results. In the postoperative period inflammatory complications of the urinary tract were observed in 5 (1.4%) out of 347 operated patients. It was established that the frequency and nature of both early and late pyo-inflammatory and obstructive postoperative complications of the suprapubic adenomectomy depend on the method of hemostasis of the bed of the adenoma and on the time of urination recovery. Conclusion. The main measures of prevention of complications during suprapubic adenomectomy are hemostasis of the bed of the adenoma by temporary retriganization with removable hemostatic ligatures, early recovery of urethral voiding (2-4 days) and application of antibiotics to the bed of the adenoma via the drainages of the deference ducts.