A new outbreak of fox rabies at the Russian-Mongolian border Dear Editor, Lake Baikal and its neighboring territories are an intermediate zone for the "steppe" and "arctic-like" rabies virus lineages in Russia. After the elimination of dog-mediated rabies during the early 1980s, this area remained rabies-free for over 25-30 years. A sudden reappearance of rabies occurred in this zone in the Republic of Buryatia in 2011-2012. A marginal part of the Mongolian steppe penetrates the Siberian taiga forests in this area, and human and animal rabies have been repeatedly recorded in the Republic of Buryatia from the end of the nineteenth century till 1981. Among the various animals of this region, rabies was documented mainly in dogs, farm animals, and occasionally in wolves, but never in foxes (Botvinkin et al., 2008).The surveillance of animal rabies was performed by the regional veterinary service using data from the local veterinary laboratory. The first case of recurrence of rabies in the Republic of Buryatia was documented at the end of February in 2011 (Zakamensk district, N50°25′27′′ E104°8′44′′) and the last case in 2011 was confirmed in a dog in the middle of April. No other suspected cases were reported until the beginning of 2012. However, in February 2012 rabies re-emerged in the same area. The disease was diagnosed predominantly in wild canines (61%) while some cases were also diagnosed in cattle. All these cases were registered in the narrow valley of the Dzhida River in the forest mountain region.The rabies cases of 2011 were documented in two distinct locations about 30 km apart. The following year, several new cases were recorded around the previous locations with the most distant point being 80 km to the west from the place of the first cases. The Republic of Buryatia has a common border with Mongolia where rabies is known to occur in wild as well as domestic animals (Blancou, 2008;Boldbaator et al., 2010), and all cases recorded in the Republic of Buryatia during 2011-2012 occurred within 30-40 km from the Mongolian border. The nearest areas in the Asian part of Russia (Krasnoyarsk region and Republic of Tyva) that are affected by fox rabies are located more than 500 km to the north-west and are separated from the Republic of Buryatia by high mountain ridges and cannot be a source of infection for the Republic of Buryatia area.
Three tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strains were isolated from Ixodes persulcatus ticks, and one was isolated from a shrew in the territory of eastern Siberia (Russia). The level of sequence identity compared to Neudoerfl (the European prototype strain) is 97.2 to 97.3%.
Представлен анализ заболеваемости природно-очаговыми инфекционными болезнями бактериальной и вирусной этиологии, отражен объем их лабораторной диагностики на территории Сибири и Дальнего Востока в 2012 г. и прогноз развития эпидемиологической ситуации в 2013 г. Анализ выполнен на основании информации, поступившей в Референс-центр по мониторингу природно-очаговых инфекций при Иркутском научно-исследовательском противочумном институте из учреждений Роспотребнадзора Сибирского, Дальневосточного и Уральского федеральных округов, а также обзоров и прогнозов состояния природных очагов инфекций Алтайской, Тувинской, Читинской, Хабаровской и Приморской противочумных станций.
Остров Сахалин эндемичен по многим природноочаговым инфекциям. На территории острова выделены возбудители туляремии, псевдотуберкулеза и кишечного иерсиниоза, лептоспироза, клещевого сыпного тифа, Ку-лихорадки; обнаружены антитела к возбудителям инфекций, передающихся иксодовыми клещами: ИКБ, КР, МЭЧ, ГАЧ [2]. При вирусологическом и серологическом обследовании людей, грызу-нов, птиц и кровососущих членистоногих установлена циркуляция следующих арбовирусов: японского и клещевого энцефалитов, хантавирусов, Тягиня, Гета, Батаи, Заяц беляк, Тюлений [3, 4, 5]. Роль большей части перечисленных возбудителей в инфекционной патологии местного населения еще не выяснена, хотя в сыворотках крови людей выявлены специфические антитела. До настоящего времени исследования про-ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ, БИОБЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ УДК 616.9:616-036.22(571.64) Цель работы заключалась в комплексной оценке современного состояния эпизоотической активности и эпидемиологической значимости природных очагов возбудителей инфекционных болезней в Александровск-Сахалинском районе Сахалинской области. В июле 2010 г. на разных участках района отловлено 56 особей мелких млекопитающих, собрано 180 экземпляров имаго таежных клещей, отловлено 1000 экземпляров комаров. От жителей района собрано 223 образца сывороток крови. Весь полевой материал исследовали для выявления специфических антител, антигенов и генетического материала возбудителей. По результатам эпизоотологического обследования, серологических и молекулярно-генетических исследований показано, что на территории района имеются природные очаги лептоспирозов, туляремии, клещевого энцефалита (КЭ), иксодовых клещевых боррелиозов (ИКБ), клещевого риккетсиоза (КР), гранулоцитарного анаплазмоза человека (ГАЧ), моноцитарного эрлихиоза человека (МЭЧ), лихорадки Западного Нила (ЛЗН), Инко, Гета, Батаи, а также хантавирусов (ГЛПС) с разной степенью проявления активности. От комаров выделен штамм вируса КЭ.Ключевые слова: Сахалин, природно-очаговые инфекции, заболеваемость, лептоспирозы, туляремия, клещевой энцефалит, лихорадка Западного Нила, хантавирусы, инфекции, передающиеся иксодовыми клещами, лабораторная диагностика.Objective of the work was to carry out complex assessment of the current state of epizootic activity and epidemiological significance of the infectious disease natural foci in the Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalin territory of the Sakhalin Region. Trapped were 56 samples of small mammals in July, 2010; collected were 180 specimens of taiga tick imago, caught were 1000 specimens of mosquitoes. 223 samples of blood sera were taken from residents of the region. All the field data were tested to detect specific antibodies, antigens and genetic material of agents. Based on the results of epizootiological investigations, serological and molecular-genetic assays, demonstrated was the occurence of natural foci of leptospirosis, tularemia, tick-borne encephalitis, borreliosis, rickettsiosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, West Nile fever, Inco fever, Batai and Geto fevers, as well as HFRS wi...
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