Environment chemical pollution can be persistent, and even virtually irremovable. For some chemicals in the workplace environment reliably safe low exposure levels are technically unattainable or presumably nonexistent. As a supplement to decreasing harmful exposures to as low levels as possible, the "biological prophylaxis" aims at enhancing host's protective mechanisms. During over 30 years in animal experiments modeling isolated or combined chronic or subchronic exposures to silica, asbestos, monazite, lead, chromium, arsenic, manganese, nickel, vanadium, nanosilver, nanocopper, formaldehyde, phenol, naphthalene, benzo(a)pyrene we tested so-called "bioprophylatic complexes" (BPCs) comprising innocuous substances with theoretically expected beneficial influence on the toxicokinetics and/or toxicodynamics of those toxics. The BPCs proved protectively effective in animal experiments were then subjected to controlled field trials on restricted groups of volunteers. Once the effectiveness and safety of a BPC was established, it was recommended for practical use, first of all, in the most vulnerable population groups (children, pregnant women) and in the most harmful occupations. At each stage of this work the effectiveness of the bioprophylactic approach to chemical risks management was successfully demonstrated. The BPCs tested up to now proved capable of mitigating systemic toxicity, cytotoxicity, fibrogenicity, and mutagenicity of the above-listed chemicals. B. A. Katsnelson et al.

In the Sverdlovsk Region, the concept of information support of decision making in health risk management for the population is based on the development of the system of socio-hygienic monitoring created in 1991. At the current stage, elaboration of the system is aimed at adequate management of risks and threats to population health and information support of the risk-focused model of supervisory activities in the sphere of security of sanitary and epidemiologic public welfare. The article presents results of socio-hygienic monitoring and recommendations for its improvement at the level of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. We also formulate tasks to be fulfilled in the support of the development of the system of socio-hygienic monitoring.

ntroduction: One of the key socially significant results of implementing the Federal Clean Air Project is the maximum possible mitigation of inhalation health risks by achieving the target rate of reducing emissions (by 20 % against the level of 2017) in a number of cities included in the federal project as priority areas. Materials and methods: Ambient air pollution monitoring as a measure of this accomplishment is indispensable both for verification of applying the model to estimating surface concentrations of pollutants, assessing health risks, and evaluating changes in ambient air quality. For the objectivity of such assessments, it is fundamental to determine the list of priority health-threatening air pollutants, to select monitoring sites that best characterize population exposure to these chemicals, and to plan air quality monitoring programs setting sampling frequency and volume. Results: The article presents the results of implementing methodological approaches adopted by the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumer Rights and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) to optimize ambient air quality monitoring within the framework of solving the tasks of the Federal Clean Air Project in the city of Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Region, in 2019. The Nizhny Tagil air quality monitoring program for 2020 has been developed and tested. This program, in conjunction with similar programs carried out by the Russian Federal Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Service (Roshydromet) and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Sverdlovsk Region and taking into account their implementation over the past five years, helps provide implementers of the federal project with air pollution data to address its key challenges. Conclusions: The adopted ambient air quality monitoring program implemented in Nizhny Tagil in 2020 by the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Sverdlovsk Region meets terms and requirements of the Federal Clean Air Project.

Relevance. At the end of 2019, the world was confronted with a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), In January 2020, WHO declared an epidemic related to SARS-CoV-2, a health emergency of international importance, and in March characterized the spread of the world. diseases like a pandemic.Purpose of the study. Conduct a comparative analysis of the seroprevalence of the population of the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions – the largest administrative territorial entities of the Middle and Southern Urals – against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methods. The work was carried out under the program of the first stage of assessing the seroprevalence of the population of the Russian Federation according to a unified methodology developed by Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation with the participation of the Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute. The selection of participants was carried out by the method of questioning and randomization. The presence of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid was determined in blood serum by the enzyme immunoassay.Results. Comparative analysis of the results showed that the incidence rate of COVID-19 in the Chelyabinsk region was consistently lower, and the seroprevalence at the first stage of the study was statistically significantly higher (p <0/05) than in the Sverdlovsk region. It was found that the incidence in both regions had a direct correlation with population density (r = 0.59; p <0.05). There were no differences between the compared areas in terms of seroprevalence among convalescents, people who had contact with COVID-19 patients, and asymptomatic volunteers with a positive PCR test. When analyzing seroprevalent volunteers in both regions, it was shown that the number of asymptomatic individuals varied within 94.4 ± 1.2% – 95.0 ± 0.95%. These data indicate that the majority of volunteers tolerated COVID-19 asymptomatically.Conclusions. A comparative study showed a statistically significant predominance of seroprevalence among the population of the Chelyabinsk region. It was found that an increase in seroprevalence at the population level was accompanied by a decrease in morbidity. Shown is a direct relationship between population density and the incidence rate. More than 90% of seropositive individuals in the compared areas showed asymptomatic course of coronavirus infection.

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