The article considers and analyzes railway transport risks. The general risk classification related to the passenger traffic has also been improved. In addition, for more sophisticated study of risk management and insurance issue, the features of railway transport insurance have been identified; the rules of railway transport voluntary insurance of various insurance companies are analyzed. As the result, it was constructed an improved classification of factors influencing the efficiency of the passenger train plying and associated with risks for passenger traffic, based on the studies carried out. The need to take into account the main factors affecting the efficiency of passenger transportation along with railway transport risks were noted. This should ensure an increase in the efficiency of passenger transportations and their competitiveness in the transport market of the country.

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Purpose. Investigation of the operation of power equipment of traction substations (TS) of Ukrainian electrified railways. The search of the new modern methods and approaches improved monitoring, diagnostics and maintenance of power equipment TS during operation to maintain the required level of reliability of the traction power supply of electrified railway and limit the power equipment accidents TS. Methodology. The study of changes of a technical condition of TSs’ equipment over the last 11 years was done for achieving this goal. This research was done for solving problems of power supply railways with high quality on the base of the reports analysis of the management and power supply of Ukrzaliznytsia. Findings. It was found that on the base of the new methods of maintenance is the risk analysis of old equipment or equipment with some defects (rev servicing equipment for the actual technical condition).Reliable performance of power supply devices has significant impact for solving the problem of safety on the railways of Ukraine. Different kinds of accumulated damage are at the first place before of failures of an electric power supply of electrified railway. The study of main causes of violations from 2002 to 2012 year showed that 80% of the reasons disorders normal operation of the traction power supply over the period constitutes next factors. There are damage to the main power equipment TS; power off the grid; overload and surge; and the impact of weather conditions. The primary power equipment failure of TS are constituted about 43%. Relevant constant monitoring, testing and diagnostics of the equipment with the creation and use of micro-processor smart automated monitoring and diagnosis are topical in the current operating conditions. Originality. The new directions for further improvement of maintenance electrified traction substations for electrified railways were considered. Modern strategies and management techniques and maintenance TS electrified railways of Ukraine were proposed at the first time. This methods aren’t covered in the "Instructions for maintenance and repair of equipment of traction substations, power points and sectioning electrified railways’ IT-0024. The basic problems for implementation of these strategies were identified. Practical value. It was established that system outage under tight central planning and management in the new economy does not provide, in many cases, approval and adoption of effective and optimal solutions in organization and carrying out maintenance. It was investigated that a significant portion of electric power equipment of TS even after normative life maintains its performance under the terms. There are allowable stress regimes, timely testing, diagnosis, maintenance, repair and quality of execution; on the other hand the service life of electrical equipment depends on its residual life.

Purpose. To develop the method for increasing the efficiency of the equipment’s maintenance and repair system, ensuring necessary level of operational reliability of the equipment, safety and reliability of the electric equipment with minimal expenses on operation. Relevance. Aging of the power equipment in railway power supply systems sharply raised a need for assessment of its states and degree of risk for operation outside rated service life. In critical conditions of technological processes and operational modes of the railways it is necessary to increase the equipment’s operational reliability. The scheduled maintenance and repair system whose main technical and economic criterion is the minimum of equipment’s downtimes on the basis of a rigid regulation of repair cycles, in the conditions of market regulations in the field of repair in many cases does not provide the optimal decisions due to insufficient financing. The solution of this problem is possible by improvement of the maintenance and repair system. Under these conditions the main direction for supporting the operational reliability of power electric equipment on TS is a development of the modern methods based on individual supervision over real changes of technical condition of power equipment. Scientific novelty. In this article the authors proposed an integrated approach, on the basis of which can be developed the effective maintenance and repair system for traction power supply systems. Proposed approach allowed to react quickly to changes of service conditions on traction substations, to control the technical condition of power electric equipment under the conditions of uncertainty, to establish interrelation between quality of service and operational reliability of the equipment, to choose a service strategy on traction substations. Practical importance. The validity of the developed method was confirmed by the results of calculations and practically by choosing the optimal maintenance's option for transformer TDTN-25000/150-70 U1 (ТДТН-25000/150-70 У1) on traction power supply substation.

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