The high quality of life in the modern sense is directly related to energy consumption and associated with the provision of «clean» food products and environment, comfortable housing, public and private transport. Increasing the availability of energy for the developing countries allows their residents to live longer and more comfortably. At the same time, in the developed European countries with high quality of life, energy consumption is decreasing due to the implementation of energy efficiency and energy saving policies. The Human Development Index, the world’s best-known and most widely used integrated assessment of quality of life, does not include energy consumption indicators. The aim of our research is to study the relationship between energy consumption and quality of life, and prove the need to consider energy consumption indicators in order to improve the methodology framework for assessing quality of life. Using the method of cluster analysis, 77 countries of the world are grouped according to a set of indicators that characterize income, energy consumption, use of renewable energy sources, and CO2 emissions. As a result, the relationship between the level of human development, which is a universal characteristic of quality of life, and these indicators was identified and evaluated. It has been proved that the most prosperous countries in terms of quality of life and energy use are those in which relatively low indicators of primary energy consumption and CO2 emission are combined with high incomes and human development level. The progressive structure of energy consumption ensures the achievement of a higher quality of living, while high energy consumption is not a sufficient condition for this. Against the background of low levels of total primary energy consumption and GDP per capita, CO2 emissions, as well as a low share of renewable energy in total energy consumption, high quality of life is present mainly in the «new» EU member states, which provide it through rational energy consumption. The average level of human development is inherent in a group of countries of the former USSR (which includes Ukraine), as well as some countries in Latin America, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. At the same time, countries such as China and South Korea are reducing energy consumption owing to technological progress and have a positive dynamics of human development indicators. Instead, low levels of energy consumption in the former Soviet Union and Latin America are due to insufficient sustainability of economic and social development, human development in particular. The obtained results substantiate the need to improve the methodology for assessing the quality of life taking into consideration energy consumption indicators.

Introduction. Social and economic activation programs are a key area of the social policy in advanced economies. A defining feature of this policy is a shift in focus from passive assistance to employment promotion and economic activity. Problem Statement. Implementation of activation programs requires the creation of a relevant methodological basis and tools for their development, realization and evaluation. Purpose. To substantiate approaches to the implementation and evaluation of programs for activating idle recipients of social assistance. Materials and Methods. The results of projects implemented as part of international support programs in 2011-2018, in particular, a pilot project directed to test mechanisms for attracting recipients of benefits to the labor market have been considered. The face-to-face sociological survey methods, statistical methods for processing anonymous data from the social assistance system registry, as well as the method of combining data from the registry and the survey have been used. A methodology for monitoring the effectiveness and efficiency of activity tools has been specially developed. Results. The prerequisites for creation of the activation policy were identified, and the experience of its implementation has been generalized. Based on the assessment of the composition and psychological attitudes of social assistance recipients, results of previous reforms, the relevance of implementing activation programs in Ukraine has been proved. The essence of programs promoting employment and activating socially vulnerable groups of the population has been determined. The project has been evaluated on a set of criteria, including the impact on unemployment, poverty, budget revenues, and jobs. Recommendations on the practical implementation of activation programs have been developed. Conclusions. Piloting the activation tools has shown their high efficiency. However, in spite of the obvious positive results, risks that shall be taken into account when introducing the tools into practice have been identified.

Вступ. Програми соціальної та економічної активізації є ключовим напрямом соціальної політики розвинених країн світу, визначальною рисою якої є перенесення акцентів з пасивного надання соціальної допомоги до політики сприяння зайнятості та економічної активності.Проблематика. Запровадження програм активізації потребує створення релевантного методологічного підґрунтя та інструментарію їх розробки, реалізації й оцінювання. Мета. Обґрунтувати підходи до реалізації та оцінювання програм активізації непрацюючих отримувачів соціальної допомоги. Матеріали й методи. Використано результати проєктів, реалізованих за програмами міжнародної підтримки у 2011-2018 рр., зокрема, спрямованих на апробацію механізмів залучення на ринок праці отримувачів соціальної допомоги. Застосовано соціологічні методи опитувань «віч-на-віч», статистичні методи обробки деперсоніфікованих даних реєстрів отримувачів соціальної допомоги, методи об'єднання даних опитувань та реєстрів. Спеціально розроблено методологію моніторингу результативності та ефективності інструментів активізації. При аналізі даних використано стандартні статистичні методи аналізу та синтезу, графічні й табличні методи. Результати. Визначено передумови формування політики активізації, узагальнено досвід її реалізації. На основі оцінки складу та психологічних настанов отримувачів соціальної допомоги, результатів попередніх реформ доведено актуальність запровадження програм активізації в Україні. Визначено сутність програм сприяння зайнятості та активізації соціально вразливих верств населення. Здійснено оцінку проєкту за комплексом критеріїв, включаючи вплив на безробіття, бідність, бюджетні надход ження, робочі місця. Сформовано рекомендації щодо запровадження програм активізації у практику. Висновки. Пілотування інструментів активізації засвідчило високу ефективність останніх. Попри очевидні позитивні результати, виявлено ризики, які необхідно врахувати при запровадженні інструментів у практичну діяльність. К л ю ч о в і с л о в а: соціальна політика, інвестиційна держава, програми активізації, отримувачі соціальної допомоги, сприяння зайнятості, оцінювання програм, ефективність соціальної підтримки.Програми соціальної та економічної активізації працездатного непрацюючого населення є одним з ключових напрямів соціальної політики сучасних розвинених країн. Їх запровадження і значне поширення пов'язано з процесом реформування європей-

Abstract. Introduction. Employment is one of the most significant characteristics of the quality of life. To a large extent, it will determine the status of a person, his income and life opportunities. The difference in the characteristics of employment may indicate social inequality, including gender. The existing ways of assessing gender equality have certain problems. They do not fully take into account all aspects of employment. In addition, in the modern world there are significant changes in the forms and nature of employment of the population: the spread of non-standard forms, informal employment and part-time employment. In this regard, there are objective reasons for the search for new approaches and methods for such an assessment. Purpose. The article is devoted to the issue of improving the methodological foundations of gender studies in the sphere of labor. Based on the generalization and analysis of information from gender studies in this area, international reports on the state of gender equality, statistical data on labor and employment in Ukraine, the article identifies problems in assessing the state of gender equality. The prerequisites that determine the particular relevance of this topic, in particular, regarding recent changes in the nature and working conditions, are also characterized. Examples of a paradoxical assessment of the state of gender equality are given. The example of Switzerland shows that high rates of women's participation in the labor market do not always mean equal employment conditions. On the basis of their assessment of expert information and statistical data, a conclusion was drawn about the need to take into account certain aspects of gender inequality, namely, part-time employment and unpaid domestic work. The article proposes approaches to the calculation of the integral index of gender equality in the world of work, taking into account these aspects, gives recommendations on its practical use and the possibility of further research. Particular attention is paid to the need to use such a source of information as a time survey. Because no other survey makes a distinction between leisure and domestic unpaid work. Results. Based on the identified problems and features of inconsistencies in gender measurements, the need to improve the methodology for assessing gender equality in the field of employment is substantiated. The calculation of the coefficient of recalculation of the indicator "level of employment" in the equivalent of full working time is proposed. Conclusions. The resulting approaches can be used to calculate a sub-index of employment equality, which can be a component of the overall gender equality index. To carry out such calculations, it is necessary to ensure the receipt of the necessary data, that is, the conduct of surveys of time use. The data obtained in this way will make it possible to more objectively assess the situation both within the country and more correctly make comparisons at the international level.