The high quality of life in the modern sense is directly related to energy consumption and associated with the provision of «clean» food products and environment, comfortable housing, public and private transport. Increasing the availability of energy for the developing countries allows their residents to live longer and more comfortably. At the same time, in the developed European countries with high quality of life, energy consumption is decreasing due to the implementation of energy efficiency and energy saving policies. The Human Development Index, the world’s best-known and most widely used integrated assessment of quality of life, does not include energy consumption indicators. The aim of our research is to study the relationship between energy consumption and quality of life, and prove the need to consider energy consumption indicators in order to improve the methodology framework for assessing quality of life. Using the method of cluster analysis, 77 countries of the world are grouped according to a set of indicators that characterize income, energy consumption, use of renewable energy sources, and CO2 emissions. As a result, the relationship between the level of human development, which is a universal characteristic of quality of life, and these indicators was identified and evaluated. It has been proved that the most prosperous countries in terms of quality of life and energy use are those in which relatively low indicators of primary energy consumption and CO2 emission are combined with high incomes and human development level. The progressive structure of energy consumption ensures the achievement of a higher quality of living, while high energy consumption is not a sufficient condition for this. Against the background of low levels of total primary energy consumption and GDP per capita, CO2 emissions, as well as a low share of renewable energy in total energy consumption, high quality of life is present mainly in the «new» EU member states, which provide it through rational energy consumption. The average level of human development is inherent in a group of countries of the former USSR (which includes Ukraine), as well as some countries in Latin America, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. At the same time, countries such as China and South Korea are reducing energy consumption owing to technological progress and have a positive dynamics of human development indicators. Instead, low levels of energy consumption in the former Soviet Union and Latin America are due to insufficient sustainability of economic and social development, human development in particular. The obtained results substantiate the need to improve the methodology for assessing the quality of life taking into consideration energy consumption indicators.

The full-scale military aggression against Ukraine led to a massive disruption of value chains, a reduction of jobs, rising unemployment and labor emigration. Legislative initiatives to counteract the socio-economic consequences of the war are insufficiently effective. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the changes in labor and tax legislation during the martial law and to determine the prospects for its improvement. It was found that changes in labor legislation in Ukraine are based on the ideology of neoliberalism, mainly reflect the interests of employers and significantly limit the rights of employees. This increases the risks of the destruction of established institutions of social and labor relations, the losses from which, by analogy with the Syrian conflict, may exceed the losses from the destruction of physical capital. Directions for improving the legislation are proposed, special attention is paid to the rules on the suspension of the employment contract. It is emphasized the need to find a new format of interaction between the state and institutions of the labor sphere, appropriate adaptation of social and labor relations, using the possibilities of digitalization. The impact of changes in tax legislation on employment is analyzed. It was established that the policy of supporting the economy, the key instrument of which is tax benefits, does not sufficiently contribute to the preservation of employment. Based on the study of the international experience of combating economic shocks, a vision of a policy to support the economy is proposed, which should combine measures to preserve jobs, benefits for subjects of economic activity, and liquidity support. The international experience of implementing job preservation schemes, which in EU countries have become one of the main tools for business support during the COVID-19 pandemic, is considered. Conclusions about the relevance of researching the possibilities of their use in Ukraine with the involvement of EU funds were made. Appropriate proposals for authorities have been formulated.

The article is devoted to the study of decent employment in Ukraine in the context of global social risks in the field of labor. Based on the generalization of approaches to understanding global risks, the concepts of decent work, and sustainable human development, the lack of decent employment is considered one of the manifestations of the crisis in the field of employment, which is characterized by wage stagnation, the growth of unemployment and underemployment, geographical or sectoral mismatches between the demand and supply of labor force etc. The purpose of this article is to study decent employment in Ukraine in the context of global social risks in the field of labor, to identify the main problems that cause a lack of decent employment, the solution of which is necessary to ensure sustainable human development and post-war recovery of the country, to realize the prospects of European integration. The scientific novelty of the study is the substantiation of the methodological approach to the study of decent employment in the context of global social risks in the field of labor based on the analysis of such components as inadequate employment, forced underemployment for economic reasons, and informal employment. To achieve the defined goal, the following research methods are applied: comparative and statistical analysis of data, graphical method of presenting results — for quantitative assessment and research of decent employment; methods of system approach, logical analysis, induction and deduction, generalization and analogy — when substantiating and developing a methodological approach to the study of decent employment in Ukraine in the context of global social risks in the field of labor. On the basis of national data on labor statistics from statistical observations of enterprises, as well as a sample survey of the workforce, the dynamics of inadequate employment, forced underemployment for economic reasons, and informal employment were analyzed, in particular at sectoral and regional levels. It has been established that the main problems that cause a lack of decent employment in Ukraine are: an increase in inadequate employment with low wages in agriculture, forestry, and fishing, as well as in the field of providing services, information, and telecommunications; high level of forced underemployment in industry and increased loss of working time despite overcoming the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic; lack of choice at the lower level of entering the informal labor market for rural women, young people, and people of retirement age.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze the tools of state business support policy and develop proposals for improving labor legislation to protect employment under martial law. Research methods: dialectical, abstract-logical, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, analogy and comparisons, system, complex and content analysis. The instruments of the state policy of supporting enterprises in the conditions of martial law are analyzed, in particular regarding the simplification of the regulation of labor relations by suspending the validity of the employment contract. It has been proven that this creates conditions for the legalization of hidden unemployment and limits workers’ access to assistance in the mandatory state social insurance system. The similarity of the impact of the factors of the COVID-19 pandemic and martial law on the labor market is shown. Based on the analysis of the international experience of saving jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic, ways of improving the labor legislation are proposed to compensate for the consequences of the suspension of the employment contract in the conditions of martial law. Keywords employment protection, martial law, suspension the validity of the employment contract, labor law, labor relations, hidden unemployment, COVID-19 pandemic.