The authors made an attempt to show the differentiation and integration of preventive medical Sciences and ecological disciplines as a complex dialectical process characteristic for the development of the science of the late 20th - early 21st centuries, and to analyze the methodological links of preventive medical Sciences with numerous ecological disciplines developed in recent decades. The article deals with the processes of formation of new ecological disciplines studying the system “environment - human”, a comparative analysis of preventive medical and environmental Sciences on their goals, subjects and objects of study. The study of the environmental impact on human health was shown to be carried out by already formed medical Sciences, and primarily preventive orientation (General hygiene, Social hygiene, Communal hygiene, Food hygiene, Occupational health, Military hygiene, Radiation hygiene, etc.), having accumulated considerable experience in the areas of knowledge studied by them. Disciplines arising from the differentiation of the environment and studying the preservation of life and health, in essence, duplicate preventive medical Sciences, which inevitably leads to the repetition of the path and does not give the desired results in the increment and development of new scientific knowledge. At the same time, the process of interaction and unification of efforts of preventive medical Sciences and environmental disciplines can make a significant contribution to the successful solution of such important state tasks as the preservation of public health and environmental protection from the negative impact of anthropogenic factors. The application of a systematic interdisciplinary approach in the interaction of preventive medical Sciences and environmental disciplines involves the presence of scientific facts, a complex of deep knowledge in the areas under study, the development of a number of theories, as well as the analysis of environmental and medical problems.
The article presents the results of the evaluation of the most significant risk factors related to lifestyle and health of medical students of different courses andfaculties. The obtained data testify that out of the total number of factors that have a significant influence on the formation of bases of student's healthy lifestyle and health, the most typical are the mode of employment, the total workload, material well-being, living conditions of the majority of today's students, as well as the conditions of nutrition, physical activity, the presence or absence of such factors as smoking, frequency of consumption of alcoholic beverages.
Pregnant and postpartum women are at a higher risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 as well as a higher risk of adverse outcomes for the mother and fetus. Standard approaches to the management of COVID-19-associated multiple organ dysfunction may not always be implemented in this category of patients. In the clinical case of a patient, who developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (severe ARDS, coagulopathy) associated with COVID-19 in the postpartum period, we demonstrate the successful use of combined extracorporeal life support that included veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, therapeutic plasma exchange and renal replacement therapy with the universal oXiris set.
Introduction. The article discusses the results of a general analysis of information on the radiation-hygienic passports of Moscow in the period from 2013 to 2016, providing objective and accessible information about the characteristics of all sources of ionizing radiation (man-made, medical, natural) and the resulting radiation doses for the population Moscow. Material and methods. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of doses for the population from natural sources, medical exposure of patients during X-ray examinations was carried out, the objects of Moscow using sources were studied. Results. The number of sources in Moscow has been established to be indicated inaccurately, as a result of which unaccounted sources are identified during control and supervisory measures. The leading role in the structure of collective doses of radiation to the population of Moscow according to the data of 2016 was shown to come from natural sources and medical research as much as 81.5 and 18.3%, respectively. A continuous increase in the dose from computed tomography and its significant contribution to the collective dose from medical exposure of Moscow residents was noted. In 2016, its contribution amounted to 59.9%. Discussion. To determine the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the doses to the population of Moscow from all sources, the radiation hygienic passports of the city of Moscow were studied from 2013 to 2016. Conclusions. On the basis of the study conducted to assess the doses of radiation to the population of Moscow, an underestimation of the effective doses of patients during medical research was established. There is a continuous increase in the dose from computed tomography, its significant contribution to the collective dose from medical exposure of the population of Moscow. In order to update the radiation hygienic passport of Moscow, it is necessary to achieve the presentation of complete information by objects using sources, as well as the relevance of legal acts, taking measures to prevent an unreasonable increase in doses of medical exposure to residents of Moscow while actively introducing highly informative diagnostic methods in medicine.
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