The results of research on the stability of sweet cherry varieties of different ecological and geographical origin to low-temperature stresses in the Southern horticulture are presented. The aim of the research was to comprehensively assess the generative potential of sweet cherry varieties after stress factors affect and identify the most resistant varieties to the stressors. It is shown that the probability of occurrence of abnormal frosts (limiting) in the range of –33.0°C or return spring frosts –4.0–5.0°C in the Prikuban gardening zone of the Krasnodar Territory is 40% on average. It was found that abnormal frosts can affect sweet cherry plants at the beginning of the dormant period – in december, more often in the middle – in February, less often at the beginning of the growing season – in march. The frequency of recurrent spring frosts affect during the blossoming period is high. The degree of ruin of the sweet cherry generative organs is determined by the type of stress, the limiting temperature and specificity of varieties. The obtained results confirmed that the sweet cherry varieties of local (domestic) breeding were more resistant to frosts and to early spring frosts. According to frost resistance, the sweet cherry varieties of Alaya, Volshebnitsa, Mak and Kavkazskaya are selected. According to the resistance to early spring frosts the varieties of Anons, Alaya, Volshebnitsa, Mak, Kavkazskaya, Sashenka, Demetra and the Dar Izobiliya are selected. According to the complex resistance to frost and to early spring frosts, the varieties of NCFSCHVW breeding of Alaya, Volshebnica, Mak and Kavkazskaya, are selected and recommended for creating the intensive, adaptive gardens in the South of Russia, and to a certain extent they will allow you to control the production potential of plantations of stone fruit crops in order to obtain the consistently high yield capacity of 20-25 t/ha.

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The paper presents the results of studies on comparative estimation of biochemical composition of a number of varieties and promising forms of apricot created in the institute. The varieties and promising forms, created on the basis of manchurian apricot, are found to be substantially inferior to the forms created on the basis of common apricot in the content of dry soluble substances and sugars, while they contain higher amount of organic acids. The sugar-acid index of apricot fruits for apricotbased forms is much higher than for varieties and forms based on manchurian apricots. Piquantny and Kichiginsky varieties are suitable to be processed for stewed fruits and jam.

Relevance. The aim of the research was to determine the physiological characteristics of the manifestation of resistance to stress factors (drought) of new hybrid forms of domestic plum and the allocation of the most drought-resistant in the environmental conditions of southern gardening.Methods. The article presents the results of drought tolerance studies of six promising hybrid forms of home plum (17–1-55, 17–1-69, 17–2-64, 17–2-78, 17–2-81, 17–3-79), concentrated in the genetic collection of SKFNTSVV. The main indicators characterizing the varieties and hybrids of home plum were determined as drought tolerant — the water content of the leaves and the water holding capacity of the leaves under conditions of summer moisture deficiency.Results. The water content of leaf tissue of hybrid forms in the hottest period (second — third decade of July) was heterogeneous. The highest water content in tissues was observed in hybrid seedlings 17–2-64 (63.1%) and 17–2-81 (59.6%). The smallest value was observed in the hybrid 17–3-79 and amounted to 49.7%. According to the data obtained, it was concluded that the studied hybrid forms do not differ in high water content, with the exception of hybrid 17–2-64, in which the water content can be characterized as above average. It was found that the water retention capacity of most hybrid forms is average. The total water content after withering in the studied hybrids was more than 80%. The greatest decrease in the amount of water in the leaves was observed in hybrids 17–1-55 (18.9%), 17–2-64 (18.5%), 17–3-79 (18.4%); the smallest — in hybrids 17–1-69 (13.3%), 17–2-78 (13.6%), which indicates a highwater retention capacity of the last two hybrids. With a general assessment of the hybrid fund of home plum, it was found that most hybrids studied have low hydration of leaf tissue and average water retention capacity. Based on this, two drought-resistant hybrid forms were identified: 17–1-69 and 17–2-78, which, despite the low water content, are distinguished by good water-holding ability in comparison with other hybrids and, as a consequence, the conservation of leaf turgor.