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Background: Previously, we have reported on associations of pterygium with the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and the BRAF V600E somatic point. The current study attempted to examine the relationship between the recurrence during 1 year after pterygium surgery and the presence of these factors. Purpose: To identify the relationship between (a) recurrence rates after various surgical techniques for pterygium and (b) the presence of herpes viruses (HSV, EBV, and CMV), HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 and BRAF V600E mutation. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and three patients (232 eyes) with a history of pterygium surgery underwent examination. They were divided into five groups based on the method of surgical treatment: Group 1 (the McReynolds transplantation only) of 49 eyes; Group 2 (the McReynolds transplantation, with adjuvant MMC 0.02% applied to the cornea for 30 sec) of 41 eyes; Group 3 (the technique of Arlt) of 49 eyes; Group 4 (the technique of Arlt, with adjuvant MMC 0.02% applied to the cornea for 30 sec) of 46 eyes; Group 5 of 47 eyes that were treated with our technique of pterygium excision involving the growth plate, with conjunctival autoplasty and adjuvant MMC 0.02%. Real-time PCR with PCR kits from DNK Tekhnologiya (Russia) were used to identify HSV, EBV, CMV, and HPV. PCR amplification was performed in a DT-lite real-time PCR system (DNK Tekhnologiya). Mutation detection was performed using TaqMan Mutation Detection Assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific) in a Real-Time PCR System 7500 (Applied Biosystems, USA). Results: Changing from traditional surgical methods (the McReynolds or Arlt method, alone or with adjunctive mitomycin C) to our methodology for pterygium decreased the recurrence rate at 1 year after pterygium surgery by 17.0% (or 2.1-fold), from 31.9% to 14.9% (χ2 = 5.32; р = 0.021). There was a common trend regarding the relationship between the presence of BRAF V600 mutation and pterygium recurrence in the groups: in the groups with traditional surgical methods, the recurrence rate in BRAFV600 mutation-positive patients varied from 73.3% to 81.2%, whereas the recurrence rate in BRAF V600 mutation-negative patients varied from 4.2% to 10.7% (p < 0.001). The mutation increased the risk of a recurrence within a year after pterygium surgery approximately 35.7-fold (OR=35.72; 95% CI, 15.71-81.24). Changing from traditional surgical methods to our methodology for pterygium decreased the recurrence rate at 1 year after pterygium surgery in BRAFV600 mutation-positive patients by 39.8% (or 2.1-fold), from 77.3% to 37.5% (χ2 = 116.92; р < 0.01). Statistical analysis found no relationship between the distribution of recurrences among the groups, and presence of either individual viruses or their combinations (p > 0.1 for all cases). Conclusion: The presence of HSV, EBV, CMV, HPV, and/or BRAF V600 mutation in pterygium tissue is a risk factor for recurrence after surgical treatment.

The article presents the results of investigation of violations in the proteolysis system in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR). We studied the levels of matrix Increasing the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 took place with increasing of DR severity and reached its maximum levels at the proliferative stage of DR. It was found that the levels of MMP-9 in the intraocular fluid and type 2 diabetes duration affected the probability of developing diabetic macular edema. At the level of MMP-9 ≥ 105 ng/ml and 2 diabetes duration ≥ 10 years, the probability of developing macular edema was 100%. As a result of the construction of predictive models it was found that the level of MMP-9 in the intraocular fluid, stage of DR at the beginning of observation and type 2 diabetes duration had influence on the probability of the development of proliferative DR over 4 years of follow-up. If the level of MMP-9≥ 100 ng/ml, type 2 diabetes duration ≥ 10 years and absence of DR at the beginning of observation were observed the probability of developing proliferative DR would compose 85.9%. Key words: proteolysis system; metalloproteinase-9; tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1; intraocular fluid; diabetic retinopathy.

L'influence du carbacetam sur les réactions comportementales dans la maladie d'Alzheimer expérimentale Introduction. Compte tenu de l'efficacité insuffisante des traitements modernes, la recherche de nouveaux moyens de la thérapie pathogénique de la maladie d'Alzheimer est pertinente. Le but de l'étude est d'évaluer l'efficacité du nouveau modulateur original du système GABA-ERGIQUE du carbacetam en ce qui concerne la dynamique des modifications des indicateurs des réactions comportementales des rats atteints du modèle de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Matériaux et méthodes. Le modèle de la maladie d'Alzheimer a été créé par l'administration intra-abdominale pendant 27 jours de chlorhydrate de scopolamine (Sigma, USA) à une dose de 1 mg/kg. à partir du 28e jour de l'expérience ; le carbacetam a été administré par voie intra-péritonéale à une dose de 5 mg/ kg dans 1 ml de solution saline physiologique, une fois par jour pendant 14 jours. Résultats. Les réactions comportementales des rats atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer après l'introduction