Of the aim of the current study is to study the cytotoxic effect of Zearalenone and T-2 toxin on the sperm of bulls and stallions following the Kharkov technology of sperm obtaining and cryopreservation. Invitro toxicity effect of various concentrations of Zearalenone and T-2 toxin (0.5 mM to 0.01 mM) on the membrane integrity, as well as on the biological indicators of the spermatozoa of bulls and has been shown. Our results revealed that after adding 0.5 mM and 0.25 mM of Zearalenone, the biological activity of native sperm cells after one hour did not change, and after thawing, it decreased by 19.4 % (P < 0.01) and 12.2 % (P < 0.05); respectively, compared to non-treated negative control. On the other hand, the T-2 toxin at the concentration of 0.5 mM and 0.25 mM reduced the biological activity of native sperm cells after one hour of incubation by 10.14 % (P < 0.01) and 8.03 % (P < 0.05), respectively and their activity after thawing decreased by 60.28 % (P < 0.001) and 52.7 % (P < 0.001); respectively, compared to non-treated negative control. In this study, the lowest concentration that gave a veracious effect on the characteristics of the sperm was 0.01 mM of Zearalenone and the T-2 toxin, and after thawing only a slight decrease in the activity and survival rate of sperm that was 2.3 and 6.5 %, respectively. While at the dosage of 0.01 mM of Zearalenone and T-2 toxin, a veraciously significant decrease in biological survival rate and the absolute survival indicator of native sperm by 8.7 and 4.3 % (P < 0.05), respectively. The cytotoxic effect of Zearalenone and T-2 toxin on the sperm of bulls and stallions in vitro after cryopreservation has been studied in vitro after cryopreservation. It has been found that the minimum cytotoxic dosage of Zearalenone and T-2 toxin during the cryopreservation was 0.01 mM. Likewise, the species differences have been shown in the sensitivity of the spermatozoa of bulls and stallions for the cytotoxic effect of Zearalenone and T-2 toxin during cryopreservation, which is evidence to the fact that complex addition of Zearalenone and T-2 toxin to the diluent has lower toxicity to the plasmalemma, acrosome, and the biological parameters of the spermatozoa of bulls than adding T-2 toxin alone, which is not observed in the sperm of stallions.

В статье представлены основные методы диагностики и борьбы с вирусом лейкоза крупного рогатого скота используемые в настоящее время. Широкое распространение заболевания обусловлено достаточно легкой передачей вируса, отсутствием средств ранней диагностики, вакцинации и лечения. Поэтому проблема распространения вируса лейкоза крупного рогатого скота стоит очень остро и является актуальным вопросом в животноводстве, который требует скорейшего решения.Цель работы заключалась в оздоровлении стада крупного рогатого скота от вируса лейкоза путем проведения комплекса мероприятий. Исследования проводились в крестьянско-фермерском хозяйстве индивидуального предпринимателя В.Д. Зинченко Кемеровской области на скоте черно-пестрой породы. Мероприятия по борьбе с ВЛКРС заключались в выявлении больных и инфицированных животных при проведении плановых диагностических исследований и дальнейшее их исключение из стада.Результаты исследования показали положительную динамику освобождения стада от вируса лейкоза. Отдельное содержание РИД+ животных, изолированное выращивание нетелей (из числа потомства от больных и инфицированных коров) для поэтапной их замены и дальнейшее включение в здоровое стадо, дает значительное снижение числа вирусоносителей и больных животных.

Background and Aim: It is known that metabolic disturbances in the animal body negatively affect parturition, uterine involution, and, ultimately, fertility, especially in cows, during the first insemination. Although the method of diet optimization with the use of a software package results in positive outcomes, adjustment is required for certain groups of animals (e.g., cows), in accordance with the period of the year. Every year, in the spring and autumn, blood is taken from animals to detect metabolic disorders, and then either the diet is balanced or, if the cows lack vitamins and minerals, they are administered to cows parenterally or with food. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of using carotene-containing preparation in the prevention of postpartum complications in cows. Materials and Methods: Before the start of the experiment, blood was collected from the animals of the experimental and control groups, with ten animals in each group, and its serum was examined for the presence of carotene. Low carotene content was found in the serum of all animals (from 0.2 to 0.25 mg%) with the norm within the range of 0.40-0.62 mg%. The cows of the experimental group were injected subcutaneously with the carotene-containing preparation 30, 20, and 10 days before the expected calving date at a dose of 10 mL per head. The carotene-containing preparation was a solution of crystalline β-carotene substance in deodorized sunflower oil. Moreover, the share of β-carotene was at least 0.18%. The drug was administered intramuscularly into the rump. Results: In the postpartum period, the retention of the placenta was observed in two animals of the control group. The uterine involution in the cows of the control group was 16.0 (p<0.05) days longer than that in the cows of the experimental group. The duration of placenta separation in the cows of the control group was on average 3.21 h longer (p<0.01) than that in the cows of the experimental group. The period from calving to the introduction of the embryo was 63.17±1.56 days in the control group and 48.3±0.83 days in the experimental group. The survival rate of embryos in the cows of the experimental group was 60%, and the period from the calving date to the introduction of the embryo averaged 48 days, which were 14.9 (p<0.05) days less than that in the cows of the control group. Conclusion: When the carotene-containing preparation was administered in a dose of 10 mL subcutaneously to cows 30, 20, and 10 days before the calving date, the blood carotene content increased, and the duration of the last stage and uterine involution decreased. The period from the calving date to the introduction of the embryo was reduced to 48.3±0.83 days, and the survival rate of embryos was 60%.

Cattle leukemia is a biological and socio-economic problem of Russian livestock production and is recognized as a potentially dangerous disease for humans. Currently, cattle leukemia is diagnosed in almost all countries of the world. Rate of infection in Russian herds varies from 10 to 70% in different regions and age categories. According to state veterinary report, leukemia was registered in 68 subjects of Russian Federation in 2016. Only Leningrad, Vologda, Arkhangelsk region and Stavropol region have recovered from leukemia. The paper outlines studies carried out in the farms of the Kemerovo region, in particular studies on the resistance of cattle to the leukemia virus, taking into account the age and physiological condition; impact of conditions, seasons on infection and incidence of cattle leukemia virus; features of the polymorphism of the BoLa-DRB3 gene in cattle herds of the Kemerovo region.

Medicinal plants and phytopreparations on their basis have been for a long time used for prevention of numerous diseases of springer cows. Phytobiotics supply a set of biologically active substances into organism, including micro- and macroelements. In comparison with synthetic preparations, the phytobiotics and bioadditives based on herbal stuff are characterized by certain advantages: lower risk of allergic reactions, soft effect, wide therapeutic action, efficiency and safety for use upon management of springer cows.