The article highlights the problem of positive personality education in the ontological aspect. The authors believe that pedagogy, as a branch of human studies, requires a deep study of the multidimensionality and multivaluedness of a man, understanding his inwardness basing on a new methodology of discovering an integrated and holistic world. "The Man in the World and the World inside the Man" is a concept, which, in our opinion, should become the defining context of modern philosophy of education and pedagogical science, in particular. This concept has two sides. The first one, the Man in the World, testifies that a man is an integral part of the objective world. The other side, the World inside the Man, defines the inner dimension of man. The idea of positive education is based on the assumption that the pursuit of the best things such as values, meanings, ideals of the highest order, the ability to seek and create positive things in the world should become a need for a highly developed personality. For the realization of this idea, it is extremely important to form positive thinking among student youth. According to the authors, positive thinking is a reflection of the formation of a holistic picture of the world of a man, where stable systems of personal meanings and values are the defining basis. It is the values and meanings dominant that determines the nature of the relationship of a man to the world. According to the authors, the interest should be the agent for transmitting positive values and meanings. A special role in this process belongs to the art, because the art itself contributes to the development of the human in the man, brings a sense of fullness of life, and human happiness. We are convinced that only in this way it is possible to overcome the alienation of a man from life and to project the future prospects of his development and live a happy life.
The article presents a new view on the problem of educating the spiritual security of the personality from the positions of axiological, culturological, civilizational, systemic, and anthropological approaches, on which the research methodology is based. The article describes the basic concepts of research: spirituality, culture, spiritual awakening, spiritual security, and presents the author’s definition of the concept of spiritual security of the personality. The article describes the cultural ideals of coziness in different countries of the world, which allowed us to highlight the features and prove the importance of leading a spiritual way of life, the essence of which is a person’s acquiring of a state of inner peace, coziness, security and which is accompanied by the achievement of pleasure from life. The principles of educating the spiritual security of the personality have been defined. They include the principle of spiritualization, the principle of cooperation, the principle of “live” dialogue based on spiritual and cultural values. The authors have identified the main threats to the spiritual security of the personality and described the ways to overcome them, among which special attention is paid to the importance of reviving the spiritual and cultural educational component, which will be the first step towards educating a positive personality with a human face, the humane, altruistic, creative personality focused on creation, not destruction.
The article analyses the current state of the formation of the political culture of students in a post-epidemic society. It is indicated that today's time has a tragic character associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxiety and grief unites the people of the Planet in search of salvation and survival. To a large extent, this depends on the political will of the government, on its political culture and the political culture of each individual. At the same time, the problems of forming a political culture of youth are ignored. The research methodology is based on a complex of methodological approaches: cultural, systemic, anthropological, civilizational. The main categories of research are analysed: politics and political culture. Recommendations are given on the practice of educating a new political culture. It is determined that in the modern interpretation, politics is a sphere of society's life related to relations between social groups regarding the acquisition, organization, use of power and management of social processes, and political culture is a combination of positions, values and a code of conduct regarding mutual relations between authorities and citizen. The main characteristic features of the student age are determined, making it sensitive for the upbringing of political culture: the polysocial basis of manning; intellectual and social dynamism; temporality of status; the intensity of mutual communication; the tension of the search for the meaning of life.
У статті осмислюється ідея «внутрішньої людини» у вихованні позитивної особистості. Внутрішня людина – незламна, кріпка духом, яка не зважаючи на зовнішні перешкоди, негаразди, несприятливі ситуації, вміє правильно, позитивно мислити, оцінювати, має внутрішню свободу. Свобода є єдиним виміром буття внутрішньої людини. Вільною людина може бути за будь-яких обставин, оскільки справжня свобода – це свобода внутрішня: свобода духу і свобода совісті, свобода вибору гідної позиції в житті. Свобода надає людині суб’єктивність, можливість обирати, здійснювати, творити себе. Внутрішня людина – це не аскет, не інтроверт, не замкнена у собі людина, відірвана від життєвого світу. Внутрішня людина – це позитивна особистість, яка любить живе життя; вона не розпочинає війн, оскільки цінує життя кожного, хто прийшов в цей прекрасний світ. Інколи обставини і ситуації складаються таким чином, що людина відсторонюється від активної суспільної діяльності, відмовляється від усталеної матриці загальноприйнятих цінностей згідно стандарту «жити, як всі». Замість цього – вимушений вибір «внутрішньої еміграції», що припускає набуття людиною моральної стійкості, витрачання духовних зусиль вчинити по совісті, підпорядкованих задачі самовизначення в умовах внутрішнього і зовнішнього протистояння. Внутрішня людина персоніфікує об’єктивні смисли, робить їх частиною свого внутрішнього логосу, стаючи суб’єктом свого розвитку. Бути внутрішньою людиною означає бути Людиною честі і гідності, залишатися собою за різних умов, обставин, не зраджувати собі, а також мати мужність бути людиною в нелюдяному світі.
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