No abstract

Without exaggeration, learning problems are among the most complex and most controversial not only in pedagogical and philosophical science but also in other scientific areas. We are talking about the philosophy of education as a general paradigm of the organization and content of all that knowledge - scientific and non-scientific - that we pass on to pupils and students through education, about worldview values that are brought up, merged in the process of educational and educational activities, the certainty of the spiritual world of the individual which is formed at school and university and determines her personal position, role and ways of behavior in postmodern society. Education is an important stage in the formation of the human soul, his spiritual world. Consciousness, like other qualities of the human psyche, results from education and acquisition of social experience. An important means of forming a person's consciousness is the educational system, which contributes to the spiritual development of a person. Since it is education that is that social institution, it performs the functions of preparing and including the individual in various spheres of the life of postmodern society and attracting him to culture. Human consciousness is the ideological foundation of aim and reliable knowledge. In this context, consciousness is the possibility and condition of the world, the individual can perceive and develop his spirituality. Education in this case is the most effective way to form a person's spirituality. Since, besides a certain profession, education gives a person the opportunity to spiritually improve himself.

The postmodern era poses special challenge for police: the transition from the archetypal role of a warrior to the role of a servant. Purpose. To determine the level of Ukrainian police officers` burnout and effect of the gender, tenure and primary workplace (field work or office service) on it. The study involved police officers of the National Police of Ukraine (age -20-45 years, n = 129 -men, n = 55 -women). The questionnaire was applied. The results of the questionnaire were processed by mathematical statistics methods. 53.8% and 30.4% of the officers revealed high and average levels of emotional exhaustion respectively. Only 15.8% officers revealed low level of depersonalization (≤6 points) a reduction in their personal accomplishment (≥39 points). The correlation analysis was performed by the Kendall rank correlation coefficient. The study did not reveal a statistically significant relationship between burnout and gender. However, a slight negative correlation of tenure and burnout was revealed. This requires further research of young officers, in particular, their job expectations. The primary workplace is identified as a significant predictor of emotional exhaustion (τ Kendall=0.192),) and aggregated global measure of burnout (τ-Kendall=0.179). The revealed condition and structure of occupational burnout of Ukrainian police officers testify to its risk level and the necessity of its constant monitoring and psychological support. The implications and limitations of research and practice are discussed.

The article highlights the problem of positive personality education in the ontological aspect. The authors believe that pedagogy, as a branch of human studies, requires a deep study of the multidimensionality and multivaluedness of a man, understanding his inwardness basing on a new methodology of discovering an integrated and holistic world. "The Man in the World and the World inside the Man" is a concept, which, in our opinion, should become the defining context of modern philosophy of education and pedagogical science, in particular. This concept has two sides. The first one, the Man in the World, testifies that a man is an integral part of the objective world. The other side, the World inside the Man, defines the inner dimension of man. The idea of positive education is based on the assumption that the pursuit of the best things such as values, meanings, ideals of the highest order, the ability to seek and create positive things in the world should become a need for a highly developed personality. For the realization of this idea, it is extremely important to form positive thinking among student youth. According to the authors, positive thinking is a reflection of the formation of a holistic picture of the world of a man, where stable systems of personal meanings and values are the defining basis. It is the values and meanings dominant that determines the nature of the relationship of a man to the world. According to the authors, the interest should be the agent for transmitting positive values and meanings. A special role in this process belongs to the art, because the art itself contributes to the development of the human in the man, brings a sense of fullness of life, and human happiness. We are convinced that only in this way it is possible to overcome the alienation of a man from life and to project the future prospects of his development and live a happy life.

Today spirituality in the educational process as an independent object of formation and study is practically absent. About this concept is only a unsystematic mention within secondary topics. However, without certainty regarding this concept and the concentration of the educational process on it, it is impossible to solve the key tasks of educational activity. Without the ideas of spirituality and spiritual values formed in the personality, it is impossible to talk about the presence of the spiritual foundations of development and life. The culture of spirituality in the modern world is quite similar to that in the 20th century, because today society provokes a spontaneous acceleration of the pace of changes in life, and therefore the perception of the surrounding world and events in it also changes: knowledge and values become unstable ephemeral. Post-industrial society focuses on material successes, ignoring utilitarian values, and sceptical attitude towards reality often develops into nihilism. The world in which we live gradually begins to resemble chaos, in which there are no moral guidelines and main human values, therefore, losing the real foundation in the outside world, a person often turns to the inner world, to spirituality, in order to hide from "world" problems and difficulties.