The aims of this research were to: (1) provide a theoretical basis for in鄄depth analysis of the influence of human activities on estuarine wetlands over a regional scale; (2) quantify the impact of anthropogenic interference on the landscape pattern index; and (3) establish a theoretical basis for the monitoring and evaluation of anthropogenic interference in estuarine wetlands. Based on aerial photographs from 1958, 1970, and 1984 (2 m resolution) , and the spot5 image of 2008 (5 m resolution) , this study explored the spatiotemporal dynamics of hemeroby and the landscape pattern response scheme through hemeroby analysis, landscape pattern analysis, spatial patch analysis, and GIS spatial analysis in the Dayang estuary. The research evaluates: 1) the primary forcing landscape factors for spatial and temporal variation of hemeroby in an estuarine wetland; 2) the response mechanism of landscape pattern index on the type of hemeroby; and 3) landscape indices associated with hemeroby in space. Results indicate that: 1) completely hemeroby regions increased from 4. 16 km 2 in 1958 to 9. 16 km 2 in 2008, while partially hemeroby regions increased from 115. 82 km 2

Mangrove trees form a community of woody plants in intertidal areas periodically immersed by sea water, and are located in tropical and subtropical zones. Mangrove forests are complicated ecological systems with characteristics of both land and sea, and form coastal ecologically critical areas (ECA). Monitoring ecological parameters of mangrove ecological systems has gained increased attention from governments and scholars. Ground-based investigation can lead to comprehensive understanding of the structure and functions of the mangrove ecosystem. However, because of spatial and temporal limitations, information on ecological changes of mangrove trees over long periods and large regions cannot be obtained in this way. Advancements in modern remote sensing technology, modeling and simulation, and landscape pattern analysis have provided important technological means for discerning spatiotemporal ecological ecosystem changes. In particular, remote sensing has become an important tool for obtaining temporal and spatial dimensions of ecological parameters of the mangrove forest ecological system. Statistics show that by May 2012, a total of 233 academic papers had been published outside China on remote sensing for monitoring mangrove forests, a number which is increasing yearly. This research mainly focuses on dynamic monitoring, inter-species classification, and structural monitoring of those forests. Especially since 2000, structural monitoring of mangrove communities and investigation of their driving forces and other aspects (sea level changes and comprehensive investigations) have become primary research topics. The application of

The effect of Ipomoea aquatica floating鄄bed on the quantity and distribution of nitrogen cycling bacteria and nitrogen removal was investigated in plastic tanks using I. aquatica as floating鄄bed plant. The results showed that the number of total nitrogen cycling bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, nitrosobacteria, nitrobacteria in the I. aquatica floating鄄 bed system was significantly higher than that in the control (P<0. 01). No significant difference was found for the number of denitrifying bacteria between I. aquatica floating鄄bed system and the control (P >0. 05). The number of total nitrogen cycling bacteria in I. aquatica floating鄄bed (7伊10 5-3伊10 8 MPN / g) was 2 to 5 orders of magnitude higher than that in the control (3 伊 10 2-5伊 10 6 MPN / g). The dominant group in the I. aquatica floating鄄bed system was ammonifying bacteria throughout the test period (P < 0. 01). But the dominant group in the control had changed during the test period. The dominant bacteria group in the control was ammonifying bacteria at the sixth and twelfth day of sampling (P<0. 05) , while ammonifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria were dominant at the nineteenth and thirty鄄third day of sampling (P<0. 05). The dominant group in the control was denitrifying bacteria at the twenty鄄sixth day of sampling (P<0. 05). The difference in the distribution of ammonifying bacteria was not significant among endo鄄rhizosphere, rhizoplane and water. Nitrosobacteria was mainly distributed in the endo鄄rhizosphere and rhizoplane. Nitrobacteria was mainly distributed in the