The aims of this research were to: (1) provide a theoretical basis for in鄄depth analysis of the influence of human activities on estuarine wetlands over a regional scale; (2) quantify the impact of anthropogenic interference on the landscape pattern index; and (3) establish a theoretical basis for the monitoring and evaluation of anthropogenic interference in estuarine wetlands. Based on aerial photographs from 1958, 1970, and 1984 (2 m resolution) , and the spot5 image of 2008 (5 m resolution) , this study explored the spatiotemporal dynamics of hemeroby and the landscape pattern response scheme through hemeroby analysis, landscape pattern analysis, spatial patch analysis, and GIS spatial analysis in the Dayang estuary. The research evaluates: 1) the primary forcing landscape factors for spatial and temporal variation of hemeroby in an estuarine wetland; 2) the response mechanism of landscape pattern index on the type of hemeroby; and 3) landscape indices associated with hemeroby in space. Results indicate that: 1) completely hemeroby regions increased from 4. 16 km 2 in 1958 to 9. 16 km 2 in 2008, while partially hemeroby regions increased from 115. 82 km 2

Mangrove trees form a community of woody plants in intertidal areas periodically immersed by sea water, and are located in tropical and subtropical zones. Mangrove forests are complicated ecological systems with characteristics of both land and sea, and form coastal ecologically critical areas (ECA). Monitoring ecological parameters of mangrove ecological systems has gained increased attention from governments and scholars. Ground-based investigation can lead to comprehensive understanding of the structure and functions of the mangrove ecosystem. However, because of spatial and temporal limitations, information on ecological changes of mangrove trees over long periods and large regions cannot be obtained in this way. Advancements in modern remote sensing technology, modeling and simulation, and landscape pattern analysis have provided important technological means for discerning spatiotemporal ecological ecosystem changes. In particular, remote sensing has become an important tool for obtaining temporal and spatial dimensions of ecological parameters of the mangrove forest ecological system. Statistics show that by May 2012, a total of 233 academic papers had been published outside China on remote sensing for monitoring mangrove forests, a number which is increasing yearly. This research mainly focuses on dynamic monitoring, inter-species classification, and structural monitoring of those forests. Especially since 2000, structural monitoring of mangrove communities and investigation of their driving forces and other aspects (sea level changes and comprehensive investigations) have become primary research topics. The application of

The ecological amplitude of nitrate of algae can be defined in terms of the range of nitrate conditions under which it is able to grow and reproduce. It usually consists of the optimum nitrate concentrations, the optimum growth range of nitrate concentrations and the tolerance range of nitrate concentrations. In order to calculate the ecological amplitude of nitrate during algal growth, the relationship between nitrate concentration and the cell density, and that between nitrate concentration and maximum specific growth rate of Alexandrium tamarense were analyzed at three different fixed initial phosphate concentrations [0. 48 滋mol / L ( low鄄P) , 0. 97 滋mol / L ( medium鄄P) and 1. 45 滋mol / L ( high鄄P) ] in laboratory cultures. The experiments were carried out in three independent batch cultures respectively. The cell density and the specific growth rate were assessed as the response parameters. A nitrate tolerance model of algal growth was established following Shelford忆s law of tolerance and using the experimental data. The results show that: (1) in low鄄P, medium鄄P, and high鄄P鄄grown cultures, both the cell density and the specific growth rate of A. tamarense increased when C N 臆 C Nopt and then decreased when C N 逸 C Nopt ; (2) the nitrate tolerance model was consistent with Shelford忆s law of tolerance; (3) the optimum nitrate concentrations in low鄄P, medium鄄P, and high鄄P grown cultures were 30. 36, 62.