59 Estimation of strong seismic ground motions

Bolt, Bruce A.; Abrahamson, Norman A.

doi:10.1016/s0074-6142(03)80173-0

Cited by 71 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The ground velocity at TKT showed pulse-like motion with a large PGV of 161 cm/s during the 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan; the pulse-like motion was caused by the directivity effect (Kamae and Irikura 1998). The ground velocity at TCU068 showed a velocity pulse with a large PGV of 400 cm/s and a long pulse width of 8 s during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan; the velocity pulse was caused by fling-step motion (Bolt and Abrahamson 2003). These records are frequently used for building structure assessments of pulse motion (e.g., Hall et al 1995;Kalkan and Kunnath 2006).…”

Section: Horizontal Velocity Response Spectramentioning

confidence: 98%

Strong ground motion in the Kathmandu Valley during the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake

Takai

Shigefuji

Rajaure

et al. 2016

Earth Planets Space

126

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On 25 April 2015, a large earthquake of Mw 7.8 occurred along the Main Himalayan Thrust fault in central Nepal. It was caused by a collision of the Indian Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate. The epicenter was near the Gorkha region, 80 km northwest of Kathmandu, and the rupture propagated toward east from the epicentral region passing through the sediment-filled Kathmandu Valley. This event resulted in over 8000 fatalities, mostly in Kathmandu and the adjacent districts. We succeeded in observing strong ground motions at our four observation sites (one rock site and three sedimentary sites) in the Kathmandu Valley during this devastating earthquake. While the observed peak ground acceleration values were smaller than the predicted ones that were derived from the use of a ground motion prediction equation, the observed peak ground velocity values were slightly larger than the predicted ones. The ground velocities observed at the rock site (KTP) showed a simple velocity pulse, resulting in monotonic-step displacements associated with the permanent tectonic offset. The vertical ground velocities observed at the sedimentary sites had the same pulse motions that were observed at the rock site. In contrast, the horizontal ground velocities as well as accelerations observed at three sedimentary sites showed long duration with conspicuous long-period oscillations, due to the valley response. The horizontal valley response was characterized by large amplification (about 10) and prolonged oscillations. However, the predominant period and envelope shape of their oscillations differed from site to site, indicating a complicated basin structure. Finally, on the basis of the velocity response spectra, we show that the horizontal long-period oscillations on the sedimentary sites had enough destructive power to damage high-rise buildings with natural periods of 3 to 5 s.

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Section: Horizontal Velocity Response Spectramentioning

confidence: 98%

Strong ground motion in the Kathmandu Valley during the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake

Takai

Shigefuji

Rajaure

et al. 2016

Earth Planets Space

126

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“…Table 1 indicates that the available prediction equations use different magnitude and distance definitions from one another and that site condition has most often been parameterized as rock or soil. We note that a number of additional prediction equations ͑not shown in Table 1͒ have been developed for frequency-dependent duration parameters evaluated from bandpassed accelerograms ͑e.g., Bolt 1973, Trifunac and Westermo 1977, Mohraz and Peng 1989 argue that an advantage of modeling duration using frequency bands is that the arrival time and duration of each separate strong-motion pulse can be evaluated, which can provide insight into source effects and energy dissipation between strong-motion pulses. However, engineering applications of duration consistently use duration parameters derived from full broadband records.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction Equations for Significant Duration of Earthquake Ground Motions considering Site and Near-Source Effects

2006

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For engineering systems having a potential for degradation under cyclic loading ͑e.g., landslides, soil profiles subject to liquefaction, some structural systems͒, the characterization of seismic demand should include the amplitude and duration of strong shaking within the system. This article is concerned with significant-duration parameters, which are defined as the time interval across which a specified amount of energy is dissipated ͑as measured by the integral of the square of the ground acceleration or velocity͒. We develop ground-motion prediction equations for significant-duration parameters as a function of magnitude, closest site-source distance, site parameters that reflect shallow geologic conditions as well as deep basin structure, and near-source parameters. The relations are developed using a modern database and a random-effects regression procedure. We find significant duration to increase with magnitude and site-source distance ͑effects that had been identified previously͒, but also to decrease with increasing shear-wave velocity of nearsurface sediments and to increase with increasing basin depth. Parameters that principally measure the duration of body waves were also found to decrease in near-fault areas subject to forward rupture directivity, although such effects were not apparent for other duration parameters that tend to reflect the combined duration of body and surface waves.

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“…Attenuation Severe damage to or collapse of some buildings; underground lines break. relationships, or "Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs)", provides an efficient means for predicting the level of ground shaking and its associated uncertainty at any given site or location, as well as for use in seismic hazard analyses (Bolt and Abrahamson 2003). The value of the maximum ground motion parameters is calculated at each grid point of the study area to contour the Shake Map.…”

Section: Maximum Ground Motion Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Seismic Ground Motions and Attendant Potential Human Fatalities from Scenario Earthquakes on the Chishan Fault in Southern Taiwan

Liu¹

2017

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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The purpose of this study is to estimate maximum ground motions in southern Taiwan as well as to assess potential human fatalities from scenario earthquakes on the Chishan active faults in this area. The resultant Shake Map patterns of maximum ground motion in a case of M w 7.2 show the areas of PGA above 400 gals are located in the northeastern, central and northern parts of southwestern Kaohsiung as well as the southern part of central Tainan, as shown in the regions inside the yellow lines in the corresponding figure. Comparing cities with similar distances located in Tainan, Kaohsiung, and Pingtung to the Chishan fault, the cities in Tainan area have relatively greater PGA and PGV, due to large site response factors in Tainan area. Furthermore, seismic hazards in terms of PGA and PGV in the vicinity of the Chishan fault are not completely dominated by the Chishan fault. The main reason is that some areas located in the vicinity of the Chishan fault are marked with low site response amplification values from 0.55 -1.1 and 0.67 -1.22 for PGA and PGV, respectively. Finally, from estimation of potential human fatalities from scenario earthquakes on the Chishan active fault, it is noted that potential fatalities increase rapidly in people above age 45. Total fatalities reach a high peak in age groups of 55 -64. Another to pay special attention is Kaohsiung City has more than 540 thousand households whose residences over 50 years old. In light of the results of this study, I urge both the municipal and central governments to take effective seismic hazard mitigation measures in the highly urbanized areas with a large number of old buildings in southern Taiwan. Article history:Received 19 August 2016 Revised 6 January 2017 Accepted 6 January 2017 Keywords:Chishan Fault, Potential Human Fatality, Ground Motion, Shake Map, Southern Taiwan Citation:Liu, K.-S., 2017: Estimation of seismic ground motions and attendant potential human fatalities from scenario earthquakes on the Chishan fault in southern Taiwan. Terr.

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59 Estimation of strong seismic ground motions

Cited by 71 publications

References 43 publications

Strong ground motion in the Kathmandu Valley during the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake

Strong ground motion in the Kathmandu Valley during the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake

Prediction Equations for Significant Duration of Earthquake Ground Motions considering Site and Near-Source Effects

Estimation of Seismic Ground Motions and Attendant Potential Human Fatalities from Scenario Earthquakes on the Chishan Fault in Southern Taiwan

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