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Kilianski, Stephen E.; Rudman, Laurie A.

doi:10.1023/a:1018814924402

Cited by 167 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We proposed that exposure to benevolent (and complementary) forms of sexism would motivate women, but not men, to focus more attention on their appearance in an effort to gain male approval and conform to traditional sex roles and, in so doing, to maintain the status quo (cf. Jost & Kay, 2005;Kilianski & Rudman, 1998;Lau et al, 2008;Prentice & Carranza, 2002). In three experiments, we found that incidental exposure to ideological content that legitimizes existing gender relations (i.e., through benevolent and complementary sexism) encourages women to adopt stereotypically feminine self-perspectives while discouraging men from taking the same self-perspectives (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-subjugation among women: Exposure to sexist ideology, self-objectification, and the protective function of the need to avoid closure.

Calogero

Jost

2011

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

191

157

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Despite extensive evidence confirming the negative consequences of self-objectification, direct experimental evidence concerning its environmental antecedents is scarce. Incidental exposure to sexist cues was employed in 3 experiments to investigate its effect on self-objectification variables. Consistent with system justification theory, exposure to benevolent and complementary forms of sexism, but not hostile or no sexism, increased state self-objectification, self-surveillance, and body shame among women but not men in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, we replicated these effects and demonstrated that they are specific to self-objectification and not due to a more general self-focus. In addition, following exposure to benevolent sexism only, women planned more future behaviors pertaining to appearance management than did men; this effect was mediated by self-surveillance and body shame. Experiment 3 revealed that the need to avoid closure might afford women some protection against self-objectification in the context of sexist ideology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-subjugation among women: Exposure to sexist ideology, self-objectification, and the protective function of the need to avoid closure.

Calogero

Jost

2011

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

191

157

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“…Some women may endorse such sexism and take pleasure in men's ''chivalrous'' help-giving (Kilianski & Rudman, 1998). Although other women may not, they may find complaining difficult.…”

Section: Negotiating Benevolent Sexismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thanks, But No Thanks

Wakefield

Hopkins

Greenwood

2012

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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The stereotype that women are dependent on men is a commonly verbalized, potentially damaging aspect of benevolent sexism. We investigated how women may use behavioral disconfirmation of the personal applicability of the stereotype to negotiate such sexism. In an experiment (N ¼ 86), we manipulated female college students' awareness that women may be stereotyped by men as dependent. We then placed participants in a situation where they needed help. Women made aware of the dependency stereotype (compared to controls who were not) were less willing to seek help. They also displayed a stronger negative correlation between help-seeking and post help-seeking affect-such that the more help they sought, the worse they felt. We discuss the relevance of these findings for research concerning women's help-seeking and their management of sexist stereotyping in everyday interaction. We also consider the implications of our results for those working in domains such as health care, teaching, and counseling, where interaction with individuals in need and requiring help is common.

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“…In summary, as the theory posits men's dependence on women in close relationships, this might have fostered benevolent sexism in our sample (Curun, 2001;Glick & Fiske, 1996, 1997Glick et al, 2000;Kilianski & Rudman, 1998;Travaglia et al, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In other words, it aims to validate male power and traditional gender roles. This kind of sexism encompasses a wide range of negative affects, including antipathy and anger (Glick & Fiske, 1996, 1997Kilianski & Rudman, 1998;Travaglia, Overall, & Sibley, 2009). On the other Gender and Romantic Relationshipshand, benevolent sexism involves subjectively positive affects toward women, such as caring and protection.…”

Section: The Ambivalent Sexism Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite its positive tone, benevolent sexism shares the same assumptions as hostile sexism, namely that women are the weaker sex and should be restricted to traditional roles. For this reason, the two types have been found to have highly correlated attitudes in several studies (Glick & Fiske, 1996, 1997Kilianski & Rudman, 1998;Travaglia et al, 2009). A cross-cultural research performed on 19 cultures has shown that Turkish culture was on the relatively sexist side on hostile and benevolent sexism dimensions while it also indicated that Ambivalent Sexism is universal across cultures (Glick et al, 2000).…”

Section: The Ambivalent Sexism Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambivalent sexism as a mediator for sex role orientation and gender stereotypes in romantic relationships: A study in Turkey

2017

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The present study examined the mediating effects of ambivalent sexism (hostile and benevolent) in the relationship between sex role orientation (masculinity and femininity) and gender stereotypes (dominance and assertiveness) in college students. The variables were measured using the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), and the Attitudes toward Gender Stereotypes in Romantic Relationships Scale (AGSRRS). These inventories were administered to 250 undergraduate students at Istanbul University in Istanbul and Suleyman Demirel University in Isparta, Turkey. Results indicate that benevolent sexism mediates the relationship between hostile sexism and male dominance. Benevolent sexism also mediates femininity and male dominance, as well as femininity and male assertiveness. Hostile sexism was mediated only between the masculine personality trait and benevolent sexism. The present findings expand the literature on sex role orientation by revealing evidence that masculine and feminine individuals experience ambivalent sexism distinctively. The results are discussed in terms of the assumptions of sex role orientation, ambivalent sexism, and gender stereotypes.

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Untitled

Cited by 167 publications

References 16 publications

Self-subjugation among women: Exposure to sexist ideology, self-objectification, and the protective function of the need to avoid closure.

Self-subjugation among women: Exposure to sexist ideology, self-objectification, and the protective function of the need to avoid closure.

Thanks, But No Thanks

Ambivalent sexism as a mediator for sex role orientation and gender stereotypes in romantic relationships: A study in Turkey

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