A 34-year retrospective study of equine viral abortion in Poland

Bażanów, Barbara; Frącka, Agnieszka; Jackulak, Natalia; Staroniewicz, Z.; Ploch, Sebastián

doi:10.2478/pjvs-2014-0091

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 is traditionally recognized as an important agent involved in equine abortion. Levels of EHV-1 abortion reported in the 1990s varied from 8.3 to 40% (TENGELSEN et al, 1997;BAŻANÓW et al, 2014;SCHULTHEISS et al, 1993). More recent studies have pointed to lower rates of EHV-1: 6.9% in France (LAUGIER et al, 2011), 6.5% in the United Kingdom (SMITH et al, 2203), 16% in Hungary (SZEREDI et al, 2008), 10.1% in Japan (MURASE et al, 2017 and 8.9% in Germany (WEBER et al, 2018).…”

Section: Total 105mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study covering 1977-2010 in Poland found rates of 25.6% for EHV-1 (BAŻANÓW et al, 2014). The authors also report that the rates of isolation of the two viruses were inversely proportional, but most laboratories do not usually include them in routine differential diagnosis of equine abortion or foal death.…”

Section: Total 105mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To increase accurate detection of causes of abortion and perinatal mortality, it is also important to include in routine investigation other agents that have frequently been cited as causes of equine abortion, such as EHV-2 -4 and -5 equine infectious anemia, EVA, and Chlamydia (LAUGIER et al, 2011;SMITH et al, 2003;BROWN et al, 2007;SZEREDI et al, 2008;MARENZONI et al, 2012;BAŻANÓW et al, 2014;WEBER et al, 2018). Protozoan infections such as Babesia equi, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Neospora spp., and Toxoplasma gondii are also often not considered causes of abortion, which may lead to inaccurate diagnosis of the cause of decreased birth rate in farm animals (SZEREDI et al, 2008; MARCOLONGO-PEREIRA et al, 2012).…”

Section: Total 105mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causes of equine abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in Brazil

et al. 2020

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Abortion and complications in reproduction are important causes of economic loss in horse breeding. Studies of its causal agents can help to identify the primary pathogens or other factors involved and define appropriate measures to reduce its occurrence. This research aimed to investigate the primary causes of equine abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in regions of Brazil. Tissue from aborted fetuses, stillbirths, neonates and foals submitted to the Biological Institute of São Paulo, Brazil, from January 2010 to July 2013 were processed for viral and bacterial isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), histology, and immunohistochemistry. Bacterial infection was the primary detected cause of abortion, found in 16 of the 53 animals submitted for bacterial analysis followed by viruses analysis in 2 of 105 animals, and noninfectious causes (neonatal isoerythrolysis) in 2 of 105 animals. Fungi were found in a single sample of 53 tested. The most frequent bacteria recovered were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, combined E. coli and Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Bacillus spp. The following agents were each observed in a single sample: Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Actinobacillus spp., and Rhodococcus equi. The predominant identification of fecal and other opportunistic bacteria as opposed to pathogens commonly associated with equine abortion, such as Leptospira spp. and equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), suggests the need of improving hygiene management of breeding mares to prevent bacterial infection that may cause fetal loss, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality.

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Section: Total 105mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Total 105mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Total 105mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causes of equine abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in Brazil

et al. 2020

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“…Equine herpesviruses have worldwide distribution including Poland [ 6 , 34 ]. However, EHV-1 detection in Poland has been reported mainly as part of diagnostic investigations of cases of abortion or neonatal death [ 35 – 38 ] and no data are currently available on the frequency of detection of EHV-1/4 among other groups of horses. The only virological survey of EHV-2 among Polish horses was conducted approximately 15 years ago [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and sequence analysis of equid herpesviruses from the respiratory tract of Polish horses

Stasiak

Dunowska

Rola

2018

Virol J

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BackgroundEquid herpesviruses (EHVs) are widespread in equine populations worldwide. While the infection with equine α-herpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-4) has been linked to several clinical outcomes, the pathogenic potential for equine γ-herpesviruses (EHV-2 and EHV-5) is still unclear. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of infection with EHVs among Polish horses, to investigate factors associated with EHV infections among horses sampled, and to determine genetic variability within Polish EHV-2 isolates.MethodsVirus-specific real-time PCR assays were used for detection of EHV-1, EHV-2, EHV-4 and EHV-5 in nasal swabs collected from 540 horses from 13 national horse studs located throughout Poland. A proportion of EHV-2/5 positive samples were subjected to virus isolation followed by amplification and analysis of partial glycoprotein B sequence.ResultsOverall, 448/540 (83.0%) horses sampled were positive for at least one virus. The most prevalent was infection with EHV-2 (77.2%), followed by EHV-5 (47.0%), and EHV-4 (0.4%). None of the horses was positive for EHV-1. Approximately half of the virus-infected horses were positive for both EHV-2 and EHV-5. The proportion of EHV-2/5 positive horses varied by age, breed, and season. Only 8.0% of horses sampled, mostly Arabians, showed clinical signs of respiratory disease at the time of sampling. The viral load of both EHV-2 and EHV-5 DNA was highest in swabs from young horses, which was particularly evident for EHV-2 infected foals. Mean viral loads in nasal swabs collected from diseased horses were higher than in swabs from healthy horses. That was also true for EHV-2 when only diseased Arabian foals were considered, but the levels of EHV-5 DNA were lower in swabs from diseased than from healthy foals. In agreement with other studies, there was a considerable variability between Polish EHV-2 sequences, with no clustering of sequences from horses with different health status. The level of EHV-2 variability seemed to differ between different studs/breeds.ConclusionsThe presence of foals and yearlings on a property is likely to increase the risk of active EHV-2/5 infection among in-contact horses. The existence of breed-specific differences in susceptibility to EHV-2/5 infections should be further investigated, as it may provide one variable that needs to be considered in attempts to associate EHV-2/5 infections with disease. Overall, the data presented add to the existing knowledge of the epidemiology and biology of equine γ-herpesviruses, with the long-term goal of better understanding of the pathogenesis and the impact of infections with these viruses on the well-being of the horse.

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“…Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (formerly called equine herpesvirus 1, EHV-1) is one of the main infectious causative agents of abortion in mares [ 1 ]. Infection with EHV-1 can also be associated with stillbirth, neonatal foal death, rhinopneumonitis in young horses and a neurological disorder called equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterisation of equid alphaherpesvirus 1 strains isolated from aborted fetuses in Poland

Matczuk¹,

Skarbek²,

Jackulak³

et al. 2018

Virol J

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BackgroundEquid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is one of the main infectious causative agents of abortion in mares and can also be associated with stillbirth, neonatal foal death, rhinopneumonitis in young horses and a neurological disorder called equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). The neuropathogenicity of the virus was shown to be significantly higher in EHV-1 strains that carry a single nucleotide point (SNP) mutation in the ORF30, which encodes a catalytic subunit of viral DNA polymerase (ORF30 D752). Another gene, ORF68 is frequently used for phylogenetic analysis of EHV-1.Methods27 EHV-1 strains isolated from aborted equine fetuses in Poland, collected between 1993 and 2017, were subjected to PCR targeting the open reading frames (ORFs) 30 and 68 of the EHV-1 genome. PCR products obtained were sequenced and SNPs were analyzed and compared to sequences available in GenBank.ResultsNone of the analyzed sequences belonged to the ORF30 D752neuropathogenic genotype: all EHV-1 belonged to the non-neuropathogenic variant N752. On the basis of ORF68 sequences, the majority of EHV-1 sequences (76.9%) cannot be assigned to any of the known groups; only six sequences (23.1%) clustered within groups II and IV.ConclusionsEHV-1 strains obtained from abortion cases belong to the non-neuropathogenic genotype. Many EHV-1 ORF68 sequences have similar SNPs to those already described in Poland, but a clear geographical distribution was not observed. A single particular ORF68 sequence type was observed in strains isolated from 2001 onwards.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-1093-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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A 34-year retrospective study of equine viral abortion in Poland

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Causes of equine abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in Brazil

Causes of equine abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in Brazil

Prevalence and sequence analysis of equid herpesviruses from the respiratory tract of Polish horses

Molecular characterisation of equid alphaherpesvirus 1 strains isolated from aborted fetuses in Poland

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