A 6G meta-device for 3D varifocal

Zhang, Jing Cheng; Wu, Geng‐Bo; Chen, Mu Ku; Liu, Xiaoyuan; Chan, Ka Fai; Tsai, Din Ping; Chan, Chi Hou

doi:10.1126/sciadv.adf8478

Cited by 62 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…With this capability, the metasurfaces have already been implemented to verify many intriguing phenomena and exciting functions, − such as perfect absorption/reflection, chiral enhancement, nonlinear generation, wavefront control, and even information processing. In particular, tunable and programmable metasurfaces with tunability and real-time programmability have established a new research direction for achieving controllable light–matter interactions. , Recently, a lot of schemes have been proposed to realize the programmable metasurfaces operating at different frequency ranges in microwave, terahertz, and optics; − for example, a meta-device has been realized for three-dimensional varifocal by using the rotation technology, without active components . However, the current metasurfaces demonstrated have difficulty in responding to both optical and microwave fields simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26,27 Recently, a lot of schemes have been proposed to realize the programmable metasurfaces operating at different frequency ranges in microwave, terahertz, and optics; 28−33 for example, a meta-device has been realized for three-dimensional varifocal by using the rotation technology, without active components. 32 However, the current metasurfaces demonstrated have difficulty in responding to both optical and microwave fields simultaneously. Thus, how to realize spatial optical−microwave coupling on metasurfaces still remains obscure and challenging.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optoelectronic Metasurface for Free-Space Optical–Microwave Interactions

Zhang

Sun

Zhu

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Photon-electron interactions are essential for many areas such as energy conversion, signal processing, and emerging quantum science. However, the current demonstrations are typically targeted to fiber and on-chip applications and lack of study in wave space. Here, we introduce a concept of optoelectronic metasurface that is capable of realizing direct and efficient optical–microwave interactions in free space. The optoelectronic metasurface is realized via a hybrid integration of microwave resonant meta-structures with a photoresponsive material. As a proof of concept, we construct an ultrathin optoelectronic metasurface using photodiodes that is bias free, which is modeled and analyzed theoretically by using the light-driven electronic excitation principle and microwave network theory. The incident laser and microwave from the free space will interact with the photodiode-based metasurface simultaneously and generate strong laser–microwave coupling, where the phase of output microwave depends on the input laser intensity. We experimentally verify that the reflected microwave phase of the optoelectronic metasurface decreases as the incident laser power becomes large, providing a distinct strategy to control the vector fields by the power intensity. Our results offer fundamentally new understanding of the metasurface capabilities and the wave–matter interactions in hybrid materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optoelectronic Metasurface for Free-Space Optical–Microwave Interactions

Zhang

Sun

Zhu

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Meta-lenses play a significant role in tailoring light fields because of their compactness and flexibility compared to conventional devices . They are useful in daily life and scientific applications such as communication, imaging, nonlinear generation, and quantum source. , Full-color meta-devices require the correction of chromatic aberration originating from the dispersion of the structure and material. An achromatic meta-lens was first demonstrated to work at three discrete wavelengths through coupled silicon resonators, and the bandwidth was extended to a continuous narrowband of 60 nm based on the dispersion optimization algorithm .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated-Resonant Units for Phase Compensation and Efficiency Enhancements in Achromatic Meta-lenses

Yao,

Lin,

Che

et al. 2023

ACS Photonics

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Achromatic meta-lenses have shown great promise in ultracompact and full-color optical devices. Their performances, including size, bandwidth, and numerical aperture, are originally restricted by the phase compensation provided by functional metaatoms. Integrated-resonant units (IRUs), associating various meta-atoms, resonant modes, and functionalities into one supercell, are efficient candidates for large phase compensation in broadband achromatic meta-lenses. In this work, we propose nonlocal plasmonic IRUs with multiple nanorods to boost the phase compensation in an achromatic meta-lens over the visible band ranging from 400 to 660 nm. By exciting local and nonlocal plasmonic resonances and manipulating their interactions, the resonance phase can be flexibly controlled, achieving an effective group delay range (Δφ max − Δφ min )/Δω of 42.5 fs. Spherical and spiral achromatic meta-lenses are both demonstrated. To demonstrate the functionality of IRUs, an efficiency-enhanced achromatic meta-lens composed of six types of dielectric IRUs is designed by tailoring the field distribution and phase difference between two in-plane orthogonal directions. This work offers a novel design scheme for large-scale high-efficiency achromatic meta-lenses and facilitates their practical applications in advanced imaging and display.

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“…Similarly, multilayer metalenses have been explored to introduce additional degrees of freedom (DOFs) (25)(26)(27)(28) because of the constraints in simultaneously improving NA and bandwidth in single-layer metalenses. With the additional DOF available for the design of multilayer structures, enhanced abilities of light manipulation by wavefront manipulation or even dynamic changes by multilayer metadevices become possible (29). By using synergistic effects between the individual layers, the multilayer structure can be designed to break the design trade-off between high NA and bandwidth (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-printed multilayer structures for high–numerical aperture achromatic metalenses

Pan,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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Flat optics consisting of nanostructures of high–refractive index materials produce lenses with thin form factors that tend to operate only at specific wavelengths. Recent attempts to achieve achromatic lenses uncover a trade-off between the numerical aperture (NA) and bandwidth, which limits performance. Here, we propose a new approach to design high-NA, broadband, and polarization-insensitive multilayer achromatic metalenses (MAMs). We combine topology optimization and full-wave simulations to inversely design MAMs and fabricate the structures in low–refractive index materials by two-photon polymerization lithography. MAMs measuring 20 μm in diameter operating in the visible range of 400 to 800 nm with 0.5 and 0.7 NA were achieved with efficiencies of up to 42%. We demonstrate broadband imaging performance of the fabricated MAM under white light and RGB narrowband illuminations. These results highlight the potential of the 3D-printed multilayer structures for realizing broadband and multifunctional meta-devices with inverse design.

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A 6G meta-device for 3D varifocal

Cited by 62 publications

References 62 publications

Optoelectronic Metasurface for Free-Space Optical–Microwave Interactions

Optoelectronic Metasurface for Free-Space Optical–Microwave Interactions

Integrated-Resonant Units for Phase Compensation and Efficiency Enhancements in Achromatic Meta-lenses

3D-printed multilayer structures for high–numerical aperture achromatic metalenses

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