A comparative study: The effect of current loading modes on the cold start-up process of PEMFC stack

Lei, Le; He, Pengfei; He, Peng; Tao, Wen‐Quan

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114991

Cited by 33 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted wide interest with the development of hydrogen energy. − The PEMFC is regarded as a clean and efficient energy conversion technology, which converts chemical energy into electricity with zero/low emissions. − In a typical PEMFC, hydrogen molecules are fed into the anode and catalyzed into protons, while electrons transport through the external circuit to the cathode. After transporting across the proton exchange membrane (PEM), protons react with oxygen molecules and electrons in the cathode with water as the only by-product. , The PEM, as the core component in fuel cells, has a critical impact on the Columbic efficiency and power density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Crystalline Porous Frameworks for Intermediate-Temperature Proton Conduction

et al. 2023

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Proton exchange membranes (PEMs), especially for work under intermediate temperatures (100–200 °C), have attracted great interest because of the high CO toleration and facial water management of the corresponding proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Traditional polymer PEMs faced challenges of low stability and proton carrier leaking. Crystalline porous materials, such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), are promising to overcome these issues contributed by nanometer-sized channels. Herein we summarized the recent development of MOF/COF-based intermediate-temperature proton conductors. The strategies of framework engineering and pore impregnation were introduced in detail for raising proton conductivity. The proton-conducting mechanism was described as well. This spotlight will provide new insight into the fabrication of MOF/COF proton conductors under intermediate-temperature and anhydrous conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Crystalline Porous Frameworks for Intermediate-Temperature Proton Conduction

et al. 2023

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“…6,9,10 Different cold start strategies lead to different water state distribution and transformation, resulting in different current density and temperature distributions, ultimately determining whether the cold start was successful. [11][12][13] Cold start strategies are broadly classied into those using external heating and those unassisted, which have the advantages of higher system efficiency and lower cost, volume, and weight. Compared to other modes, the constant current (CC) mode and constant voltage (CV) mode are more common and easier to operate in unassisted cold start strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold start mode classification based on the water state for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

et al. 2022

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“…To reduce this possible damage and enable a successful cold start, researchers have attempted to optimize start-up strategies by removing as much water as possible by gas purging [ 1 , 2 ] during cell shutdown, by preheating the fuel cell to increase its temperature as quickly as possible [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], by utilizing different current loading modes during the start-up process [ 7 ]. Meanwhile, people also tried to improve the cold start performance of fuel cells by considering the effects of end plate [ 8 ], flow-field structure [ 9 ] and the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) material components [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Simulation of the Freezing Characteristics in PEMFCs during Cold Start Considering Ice Crystallization Kinetics

et al. 2022

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Cold start is one of the major issues that hinders the commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, a 2D transient multi-physics model is developed to simulate the cold start processes in a PEMFC. The phase change between water vapor, liquid water, and ice in the catalyst layers (CLs), micro porous layer (MPLs), and gas diffusion layers (GDLs) is also investigated, particularly the effect of ice crystallization kinetics when supercooled liquid water changes into ice. The factors affecting the different operating conditions and structural features of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are investigated. The results show that when the start temperature is −20 °C or higher, ice formation is delayed and the formation rate is decreased, and supercooled liquid water permeates from the CL into the MPL. For an MEA with relatively high hydrophobicity, the water permeation rate is high. These results can enable a PEMFC to start at subzero temperatures. The effect of ice crystallization kinetics is negligible when the fuel cell is started at −30 °C or below.

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A comparative study: The effect of current loading modes on the cold start-up process of PEMFC stack

Cited by 33 publications

References 44 publications

Recent Progress of Crystalline Porous Frameworks for Intermediate-Temperature Proton Conduction

Recent Progress of Crystalline Porous Frameworks for Intermediate-Temperature Proton Conduction

Cold start mode classification based on the water state for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Two-Dimensional Simulation of the Freezing Characteristics in PEMFCs during Cold Start Considering Ice Crystallization Kinetics

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