A Comparison of Isoload and Isoinertial Leg Press Training on Bone and Muscle Outcomes

Caruso, John F.; Hamill, John L.; Hernandez, Daniel A.; Yamauchi, Miki

doi:10.1519/r-15724.1

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…During such tasks the device provides a constant resistance throughout the range of the muscle contraction, thus loading the muscles more strongly at the weakest joint angles. Although isoinertial or isoload actions more accurately reflect weight lifting actions (Abernethy et al, 1995;Caruso et al, 2005), this type of task is still often considered an isotonic movement in the literature. Eccentric exercises can also be performed at a constant velocity on an isokinetic (IK) dynamometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A standardization method to compare isotonic vs. isokinetic eccentric exercises

Guilhem¹,

Guével²,

Cornu³

2010

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

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The present study aimed to standardize isotonic (IT) and isokinetic (IK) eccentric exercises by equalizing the amount of work and the angular velocity at two intensity levels, to be able to compare specific effects of these exercise modes on the neuromuscular system. Fourteen subjects participated in three test sessions consisting of two IT and two IK sets on a customized isokinetic dynamometer. IT sets were comprised of 8 eccentric contractions of the knee extensors at 120% of the maximal repetition (1RM) in the first two sessions, and 100% in the third session. IK sets were performed at the same mean angular IT velocity and stopped when the amount of work performed corresponded to the IT set. External work, angular velocity and Root Mean Square (RMS) of electromyographic activity of three superficial muscles of the quadriceps femoris were calculated. Results showed concordance of work and angular velocity for each test session. Both modes involved the same number of repetitions at 120% and fewer repetitions in IK mode at 100% of 1RM. Work and RMS values remained steady in all sets. This study allowed the standardization of isotonic and isokinetic eccentric exercises, a first step before determining their specific effects on neuromuscular function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A standardization method to compare isotonic vs. isokinetic eccentric exercises

Guilhem¹,

Guével²,

Cornu³

2010

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

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“…In addition, the FERG was examined for its utility in Earthbound applications, such as to abate musculoskeletal losses in the elderly (6). Yet, research has not compared hormonal responses with various workouts done on the FERG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Lactate and Hormonal Responses to Prototype Flywheel Ergometer Workouts

Caruso

Coday²,

Monda³

et al. 2010

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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The purpose of the study was to compare blood lactate and hormonal responses with flywheel ergometer (FERG) leg presses for preliminary assessment of workouts best suited for future in-flight resistance exercise. Comprised of 10 repetition sets, the workouts entailed 3 sets of concentric and eccentric (CE3) actions, or concentric-only actions done for 3 (CO3) or 6 (CO6) sets. Methods employed included assessment of blood lactate concentrations ([BLa-]) before and 5 minutes postexercise. Venous blood was also collected before and at 1 and 30 minutes postexercise to assess growth hormone, testosterone, cortisol concentrations ([GH], [T], [C]) and [T/C] ratios. [BLa-] were compared with 2 (time) x 3 (workout) analysis of variance. Hormones were assessed with 2 (gender) x 3 (time) x 3 (workout) analysis of covariances. Results showed [BLa-] had a time effect. Growth hormone concentration showed gender x workout, gender x time, and workout x time interactions, whereas [T] had a 3-way interaction. [C] had gender, time, and workout effects. [T/C] yielded a gender x time interaction. It was concluded that, because CO6 and CE3 yielded similar anabolic hormonal data but the latter had a lower [C] 30 minutes postexercise, CE3 served as the best workout. Although the FERG was originally designed for microgravity, the effort put forth by current subjects was like that for workouts aimed at greater athletic performance and conditioning. Practical applications suggest that eccentric actions should be used for FERG workouts geared toward muscle mass and strength improvement.

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“…An early flywheel ergometry paper touted their ability to improve muscle mass and strength, yet was less enthusiastic about their impact on bone [5]. Subsequent research affirmed this concern, as large flywheels may slow strain rates and frequencies that negated bone growth [8,9]. Flywheel ergometry had little success at strength and bone loss mitigation during long-term unloading, yet with concurrent albuterol therapy there was significant benefit [9,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musculoskeletal Outcomes from Chronic High-Speed, High-Impulse Resistance Exercise

et al. 2018

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While bones and muscles adapt to mechanical loading, it appears that very specific types of stimuli must be applied to achieve osteogenesis. Our study assessed musculoskeletal outcomes to 30 training sessions on an Inertial Exercise Trainer (Newnan, GA). Subjects (n=13) performed workouts with their left leg, while their right served as an untreated control. Workouts entailed three 60-s sets each of knee extension, hip extension and calf press exercises, separated by 90-s rests. Before and after the 30 training sessions, subjects underwent strength tests (knee and ankle extensors of both legs), DEXA scans (hip, knee and ankles of both legs), and blood draws. After 30 training sessions 2×2 ANOVAs showed left leg peak torques rose significantly. 2×2 ANCOVAs, with bone scan area as a covariate, showed significant left leg calcaneal bone mineral content (+29%) and density (+33%) increases after 30 training sessions. A significant decline in C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen, a blood marker of bone resorption, also occurred after 30 training sessions. The Inertial Exercise Trainer's large volume of training session repetitions elicited high peak force, peak acceleration and impulses that likely provided a mechanical loading stimulus that evoked calcaneal accretion.

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A Comparison of Isoload and Isoinertial Leg Press Training on Bone and Muscle Outcomes

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

A standardization method to compare isotonic vs. isokinetic eccentric exercises

A standardization method to compare isotonic vs. isokinetic eccentric exercises

Blood Lactate and Hormonal Responses to Prototype Flywheel Ergometer Workouts

Musculoskeletal Outcomes from Chronic High-Speed, High-Impulse Resistance Exercise

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