“…Autologous bone marrow MSCs, with the ability of homing to the target, perception of injury signals, migration to the injured site, proliferation, and differentiation, participate in tissue injury repair, achieving effective results [ 3 – 6 ]. MSCs can be obtained from mature bone marrow, fatty tissues, placenta, scalp, pancreatic tissue, endometrium, Wharton's jelly, and umbilical cord blood [ 7 – 14 ]. Under different induction conditions, MSCs can differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, tendon, and other mesodermal cells, but also cross mesoderm differentiation, forming various ectodermal cells (e.g., neurons, gliacytes, and skin cells) and endodermal or vascular endothelial cells (e.g., liver and kidney cells) [ 15 , 16 ].…”