A facile method to sensitively monitor chlorinated phenols based on Ru(bpy)32+ electrochemiluminescent system using graphene quantum dots as coreactants

Carbon-based dots for electrochemiluminescence sensing

“…In addition to a versatile ECL nano-emitter, GDs with abundant functional groups like alcohol units 130 and tertiary amino groups 131 have been successfully used as coreactants of Ru(bpy) 3…”

“…137 Taking advantage of the quenching effect of chlorinated phenols toward the ECL reaction between GDs and Ru(bpy) 3 2+ , Qi et al fabricated a chlorinated phenol sensor with good performance even in lake and river water. 130 Besides, Li et al made a bisphenol A sensor based on a similar mechanism, where bisphenol A inhibited the ECL intensity with Ru(bpy) 3 2+ as the luminophore and N-doped CDs as the coreactant. 133 To further enhance the effect of CDs as the coreactant, Li et al synthesized poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) capped N-doped CDs, which exhibited a better enhancement effect than naked N-doped CDs.…”

A Facile Hg2+‐related Quenching Photoluminescence Sensor Based on Nitrogen‐doped Graphene Quantum Dots

“…Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have recently attracted the broad attention for low toxicity and tunable photoluminescence (PL) 6,7 In general, GQDs with the size under 10 nm are made up of the conjugated carbon skeleton with oxygenous groups on its surface. The PL properties of aqueous GQDs with the merits of tunable PL, high photostability and non‐PL blinking determine its potential applications in biosensing 8–16 . However, most of GQDs demonstrate short‐wavelength emissions with low quantum yield, which restricts the further applications of GQDs.…”

Tris(2,2’‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)‐Nanomaterial Co‐Reactant Electrochemiluminescence

“…The conclusion was supported by the finding that conversion of primary amine on NCDs to tertiary amines through an Eschweiler‐Clarke methylation reaction could further increase the ECL enhancement. Furthermore, GQDs, nitrogen‐doped GQDs (NGQDs) and graphene oxide (GO) can also enhance anodic Ru(bpy) 3 2+ ECL by using amine group, carboxyl group, alcohols, phenols and other oxygenated groups as co‐reactant sites …”

“…Furthermore, GQDs, nitrogen-doped GQDs (NGQDs) and graphene oxide (GO) can also enhance anodic Ru(bpy) 3 2 + ECL by using amine group, carboxyl group, alcohols, phenols and other oxygenated groups as co-reactant sites. [28][29][30] Besides carbon nanomaterials, boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) nanomaterials can enhance the anodic Ru(bpy) 3 2 + ECL as well due to the inherent amine-bearing groups on their surface. [31,32] The mechanism for inherent amine groups in BNQDs (or g-CN nanomaterials) involved Ru(bpy) 3 2 + ECL enhancement is similar to that for Ru (bpy) 3 2 + /TPA system, which is illustrated in Equations (1)-(5) by taking Ru(bpy) 3 2 + /BNQDs ECL system as an example.…”