A frogspawn-like Ag@C core–shell structure for an ultrasensitive label-free electrochemical immunosensing of carcinoembryonic antigen in blood plasma

Abstract

Novel frogspawn-like Ag@C nanoparticles were successfully used to fabricate an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensing platform toward CEA in human blood samples.

Silver nanoparticles in electrochemical immunosensing and the emergence of silver–gold galvanic exchange detection

“…A reduction in the stripping current of AgNP-chitosan composite (AgNPs-CS) was observed due to the impeding effect of the dielectric antigen-antibody-silica nanosphere immunocomplex formed on the electrode surface. A similar approach has been used for the detection of various other biomarkers, including pleuromutilin antibiotic, tiamulin, 32 CEA, 33 HBs, 34 PSA, 35 This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2023 diethylstilbestrol (DES), 37 AFP, 38 and the steroid hormone, cortisol. 39 It is evident that irrespective of the use of AgNPs on the recognition probe or electrode surface, the sensitivity of the immunosensor drastically improved when the base electrode is modified with additional nanostructure materials like gold nanoparticles, 40 carbon nanotubes, 34 graphene/graphene oxide, 27 and metal nanosheets.…”

“…The typical size range of AgNS utilized in the past studies is between B5-100 nm. 19,20,24,26,27,30,33,35,42,80,115 For instance, Szymanski et al developed an immunosensor for detecting myoglobin, a cardiac heart marker, using AgNS (40 nm) as an electroactive label. 80 The AgNS were deposited onto a WE with help of an aggregating agent, NH 4 SCN, and a final anodic stripping voltammetry step was performed to detect the Ag oxidation current.…”

“…A reduction in the stripping current of AgNP–chitosan composite (AgNPs–CS) was observed due to the impeding effect of the dielectric antigen–antibody–silica nanosphere immunocomplex formed on the electrode surface. A similar approach has been used for the detection of various other biomarkers, including pleuromutilin antibiotic, tiamulin, 32 CEA, 33 HBs, 34 PSA, 35 cytokeratin 19 fragments 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), 36 diethylstilbestrol (DES), 37 AFP, 38 and the steroid hormone, cortisol. 39…”

Review—Progress in Electroanalysis of p53, CEA, and CA19–9

“…For CEA recognition, Ding and his research personnel 17 managed to coat with nano-carbon outside silver nanospheres to make a frogspawn-like structure in a three-dimensional structure that was used to catch the anti-carcinoembryonic antigen. A schematic illustration of their developed structure is presented in scheme 1.…”

“…For CEA analysis the researchers used methods like DPV, [16][17][18] EIS, 19 SWV, 20 and stochastic method. 21 For samples in the screening investigations we used biological samples such as serum, whole blood, urine, saliva, and fresh tissue, obtaining very good results, with the best limit of detection detected by the stochastic sensors.…”