A FTIR study of PVDF irradiated by means of swift heavy ions

Abstract

Poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) films were irradiated by means of heavy ions (in the electronic stopping‐power range) and electrons. Both types of ionizing radiation induce in the polymer film ionizations and excitations, but swift heavy ions induce a huge density of excitations and ionizations along the ion path. Dose‐range goes from 0.3 to 40 MGy. Irradiations were performed with Kr ions in the presence of helium, hydrogen, deuterium, and oxygen. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission measurements show differences in the nature of the created defects. Triple bonds are characteristic of the Kr ion irradiation. Double bonds, isolated and conjugated, exist for both kinds of radiation, but concentrations are higher with the Kr radiation. The presence of oxygen during irradiation produces oxidization defects. Typical bands of hydroxyls and carbonyls can be seen, respectively, in the 3800‐3000 cm−1 zone and ca. 1850–1730 cm−1. The formation of conjugated double bonds is enhanced when the Kr irradiation is performed under an O2 atmosphere. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Chemical degradation of polyimide and polysulfone films under the irradiation with heavy ions of several hundred meV

“…In addition, acetylene is detected as volatile component that most likely is generated by the fragmentation of n-terminal alkynes. The creation of triple bonds does not only occur in polymers with an aliphatic main chain (PE, PS, and PVDF) [12][13][14][15] but also in polymers with aromatic compounds such as PET 16 , and as demonstrated here in PI and PSU. Obviously, the structure and the composition of a specific polymer does not play an important role for this process, but more likely the special interaction of energetic ions characterized by the high value of energy deposited within an extremely short time into a very small volume.…”

“…Up to now, alkynes have only been found above a critical energy loss namely in polymers such as PVDF, PE, and PS [12][13][14][15] with an aliphatic main chain. They have also been detected in PET , 16 which contains an aromatic com- ponent.…”

“…The formation of such triple bonds seems to be a unique process in sofar as it is not known from classical radiation experiments. To date, alkynes were found in ion-irradiated polymers with aliphatic main chains such as polystyrene (PS), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polyethylene (PE), [12][13][14][15] and also in poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET), 16 which contains aromatic structures in the main chain.…”

Preparation and Characterization of PVDF/PMMA/Graphene Polymer Blend Nanocomposites by Using ATR-FTIR Technique

“…It should be pointed that since the -and -phase are similar to each other in short segmental conformations the identification of crystal phase between and in FTIR spectrum is still in dispute. On the basis of the data from literature the absorption band at 763 cm -1 is related to In-plane bending or rocking vibration in phase (N. Betz, 1994& S. Lanceros-Me ndez, 2001, the band at 840 cm -1 stretching in or phase (G. Chi Chen, 1994 , V. Bharti, 1997, B. Mattsson, 1999& M. Benz, 2002, the band at 1173 cm −1 is associated to the symmetrical stretching of -CF 2 group (M. Rajendran, 2010). The band at 1234 cm −1 is related to the phase and 1453 cm -1 is assigned to in-plane bending or scissoring of CH 2 group (M. Rajendran, 2010& Garton, 1992).…”

Conductometric Analysis for the Formation of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)-Based Ion Track Membranes

“…That is, bombardment with the higher-LET ions would more densely create macromolecular damage in a wider latent track, resulting in an enhanced etching for the 197 Au ions in terms of V T , the pore growth rate, and the final r eff value. According to many studies on the swift-heavy-ion irradiation of PVDF (28,29), the latent tracks involved chain unsaturations, scissions, cross-linkages, and parasitic oxidation products (such as hydroxyls and carbonyls) as the main radiolysis products. Among them, the post-irradiation oxidation in air was a crucial factor regarding the etching process because it is known to originate from organic hydroperoxide formations taking place through the oxidation of alkyl free radicals and the subsequent abstraction of hydrogen from the adjacent molecule.…”