A high‐density EEG study of differentiation between two speeds and directions of simulated optic flow in adults and infants

Vilhelmsen, Kenneth; Agyei, Seth B.; Weel, F. R. van der; Meer, Audrey L. H. van der

doi:10.1111/psyp.13281

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Infants at 9-11 months displayed shorter latencies when compared to prelocomotor infants, and they could differentiate between visual motion speeds. Similar results were found in another study (Vilhelmsen et al 2019), where it was reported that infants at 4-5 months could not differentiate between visual motion speeds and directions, whereas crawling 8-to 11-month-old infants could. The perception of speed develops during the first year of life due to the infant's motor experience (James and Swain 2011), with higher speeds resulting in higher latencies (Kawakami et al 2002).…”

Section: Evoked Responses To Speed Of Motionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Desynchronized activity in all the visual sources was found in response to visual motion in every participant, indicating that underlying neuronal cell assemblies fired in desynchrony, while induced synchronization in the alpha-and beta-bands was found in response to static non-flow, with cells firing in synchrony. Similar desynchronized activity in response to visual motion was found in previous studies (Agyei et al 2016b;Van der Meer et al 2008;Vilhelmsen et al 2019), and is considered to reflect a preparation for information processing (Pfurtscheller 1992), while synchronized activity in response to visual motion reflects a resting state or not-active neuronal assemblies (Pfurtscheller et al 1996).…”

Section: Induced Responses To Visual Motionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Latency differences and frequency changes in oscillations between prelocomotor and locomotor infants, 6-and 12-year-olds, and young adults were investigated in parietal and occipital areas. A previous study (Vilhelmsen et al 2019) used the same stimulus with driving speeds between 25 and 75 km/h, and found that prelocomotor infants at 4-5 months displayed equally long latencies compared to older infants for the high driving speeds only, while adults showed significantly shorter latencies overall. Furthermore, low-frequency-induced desynchronization in response to visual motion was found in both infant groups in the theta and alpha bands, while adults displayed consistent high-frequency EEG rhythms in the beta band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Optic flow is the pattern of visual information produced by self-motion (Gibson 1979(Gibson /2015. Essential to navigating in the real world, optic flow provides information about the relative movement of objects, and their speeds in relation to the observer (Vilhelmsen et al 2019). When we move around, the environment changes according to our movements, and optic flow is crucial when controlling heading direction (Bruggeman et al 2007;Warren et al 2001), stabilizing posture (Bertenthal et al 1997;Higgins et al 1996), and estimating time-to-contact of an approaching object (Kayed and Van der Meer 2009;Vaina and Rushton 2000;Van der Meer et al 1994;Wilkie and Wann 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of motion speed perception from infancy to early adulthood: a high-density EEG study of simulated forward motion through optic flow

et al. 2021

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This study investigated evoked and oscillatory brain activity in response to forward visual motion at three different ecologically valid speeds, simulated through an optic flow pattern consisting of a virtual road with moving poles at either side of it. Participants were prelocomotor infants at 4–5 months, crawling infants at 9–11 months, primary school children at 6 years, adolescents at 12 years, and young adults. N2 latencies for motion decreased significantly with age from around 400 ms in prelocomotor infants to 325 ms in crawling infants, and from 300 and 275 ms in 6- and 12-year-olds, respectively, to 250 ms in adults. Infants at 4–5 months displayed the longest latencies and appeared unable to differentiate between motion speeds. In contrast, crawling infants at 9–11 months and 6-year-old children differentiated between low, medium and high speeds, with shortest latency for low speed. Adolescents and adults displayed similar short latencies for the three motion speeds, indicating that they perceived them as equally easy to detect. Time–frequency analyses indicated that with increasing age, participants showed a progression from low- to high-frequency desynchronized oscillatory brain activity in response to visual motion. The developmental differences in motion speed perception are interpreted in terms of a combination of neurobiological development and increased experience with self-produced locomotion. Our findings suggest that motion speed perception is not fully developed until adolescence, which has implications for children’s road traffic safety.

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Section: Evoked Responses To Speed Of Motionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Induced Responses To Visual Motionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of motion speed perception from infancy to early adulthood: a high-density EEG study of simulated forward motion through optic flow

et al. 2021

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“…To focus on oscillatory brain activity in specific frequency bands that has shown to have beneficial effects on learning and memory ( Pfurtscheller and Lopes da Silva, 1999 ), the parietal and central areas were further investigated. These areas have also been associated with cognitive processes in visual perception (e.g., Pfurtscheller et al, 1994 ; Vilhelmsen et al, 2019 ) and language (e.g., Brownsett and Wise, 2010 ; Benedek et al, 2014 ) as well as to be influenced by sensorimotor cortex (e.g., Velasques et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Cursive Handwriting Over Typewriting for Learning in the Classroom: A High-Density EEG Study of 12-Year-Old Children and Young Adults

2020

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To write by hand, to type, or to draw – which of these strategies is the most efficient for optimal learning in the classroom? As digital devices are increasingly replacing traditional writing by hand, it is crucial to examine the long-term implications of this practice. High-density electroencephalogram (HD EEG) was used in 12 young adults and 12, 12-year-old children to study brain electrical activity as they were writing in cursive by hand, typewriting, or drawing visually presented words that were varying in difficulty. Analyses of temporal spectral evolution (TSE, i.e., time-dependent amplitude changes) were performed on EEG data recorded with a 256-channel sensor array. For young adults, we found that when writing by hand using a digital pen on a touchscreen, brain areas in the parietal and central regions showed event-related synchronized activity in the theta range. Existing literature suggests that such oscillatory neuronal activity in these particular brain areas is important for memory and for the encoding of new information and, therefore, provides the brain with optimal conditions for learning. When drawing, we found similar activation patterns in the parietal areas, in addition to event-related desynchronization in the alpha/beta range, suggesting both similarities but also slight differences in activation patterns when drawing and writing by hand. When typewriting on a keyboard, we found event-related desynchronized activity in the theta range and, to a lesser extent, in the alpha range in parietal and central brain regions. However, as this activity was desynchronized and differed from when writing by hand and drawing, its relation to learning remains unclear. For 12-year-old children, the same activation patterns were found, but to a lesser extent. We suggest that children, from an early age, must be exposed to handwriting and drawing activities in school to establish the neuronal oscillation patterns that are beneficial for learning. We conclude that because of the benefits of sensory-motor integration due to the larger involvement of the senses as well as fine and precisely controlled hand movements when writing by hand and when drawing, it is vital to maintain both activities in a learning environment to facilitate and optimize learning.

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Longitudinal study of infants receiving extra motor stimulation, full‐term control infants, and infants born preterm: High‐density EEG analyses of cortical activity in response to visual motion

Blystad

Meer

2022

Developmental Psychobiology

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Electroencephalography was used to investigate the effects of extrastimulation and preterm birth on the development of visual motion perception during early infancy. Infants receiving extra motor stimulation in the form of baby swimming, a traditionally raised control group, and preterm born infants were presented with an optic flow pattern simulating forward and reversed self‐motion and unstructured random visual motion before and after they achieved self‐produced locomotion. Extrastimulated infants started crawling earlier and displayed significantly shorter N2 latencies in response to visual motion than their full‐term and preterm peers. Preterm infants could not differentiate between visual motion conditions, nor did they significantly decrease their latencies with age and locomotor experience. Differences in induced activities were also observed with desynchronized theta‐band activity in all infants, but with more mature synchronized alpha–beta band activity only in extrastimulated infants after they had become mobile. Compared with the other infants, preterm infants showed more widespread desynchronized oscillatory activities at lower frequencies at the age of 1 year (corrected for prematurity). The overall advanced performance of extrastimulated infants was attributed to their enriched motor stimulation. The poorer responses in the preterm infants could be related to impairment of the dorsal visual stream that is specialized in the processing of visual motion.

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A high‐density EEG study of differentiation between two speeds and directions of simulated optic flow in adults and infants

Cited by 12 publications

References 90 publications

Development of motion speed perception from infancy to early adulthood: a high-density EEG study of simulated forward motion through optic flow

Development of motion speed perception from infancy to early adulthood: a high-density EEG study of simulated forward motion through optic flow

The Importance of Cursive Handwriting Over Typewriting for Learning in the Classroom: A High-Density EEG Study of 12-Year-Old Children and Young Adults

Longitudinal study of infants receiving extra motor stimulation, full‐term control infants, and infants born preterm: High‐density EEG analyses of cortical activity in response to visual motion

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