A história oral na análise organizacional: a possível e promissora conversa entre a história e a administração

Abstract

ResumoNos últimos anos tem se verificado um aumento do número de publicações em estudos organizacionais que adotam metodologias mais qualitativas que quantitativas. Este crescimento justifica-se pelo fato de os pesquisadores da área considerarem mais incisivamente o caráter multidisciplinar da administração como uma ciência social aplicada, que se utiliza de diversas fontes epistemológicas. Entretanto, os teóricos da Administração sempre relegaram, ou nunca consideraram, o potencial da História para a análise organizacional. Neste trabalho, propõe-se sensibilizar pesquisadores da área de Administração a respeito da potencialidade do diálogo entre a História e a Administração para a análise da realidade organizacional, bem como enfatizar a importância do desenvolvimento de estudos locais e regionais contemplando as vozes do "passado" e dos "esquecidos". Tendo em vista que as organizações somente serão satisfatoriamente compreendidas a partir do momento em que sua história é conhecida, apresentaremos, brevemente, neste artigo, a experiência da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. Palavras-chave:Administração; análise organizacional; História; História Oral; pesquisa qualitativa. AbstractIn the last years the number of publications in organizational studies which adopt rather qualitative than quantitative methodologies has increased. This can be explained by the fact that researchers have been taking in account the multidisciplinary characteristics of business administration as an applied social science that makes use of several epistemological sources. However, scholars always relegated or never considered the potential of history studies for the analysis of organizations. The proposal of this work is not only to catch the researchers' eyes to the potentiality of the dialogue between history and administration as a tool to analyze the organizational reality, but emphasize the importance of the development of local and regional studies taking in account the voices from the "past" and of "forgotten people". Starting from the point of view that the organizations will only be understood satisfactorily when they know their own history, this article will present in brief the experience of the Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia.

Oral History and Organizational Research: Challenges of Building Knowledge about the Past

“…In this sense, and unlike other management papers that discuss the method (Ichikawa & Santos, 2006;Gomes & Santana, 2010;Joaquim & Carrieri, 2018;Sacramento et al, 2017), the present article advocates for oral history as a theoretical-methodological approach or for filling the void between the method and discipline (Amado & Ferreira, 2006). With this approach, oral history research in historical organizational studies may incorporate history in a reorientationist way (Usdiken & Kieser, 2004), with greater engagement of historiographical concepts to "create more reflexive research on the organizational past that is not purely driven by organization theory but instead challenges assumptions about how we study organizations" (Decker et al, 2021, p. 14).…”

“…One of the first published Brazilian papers to discuss oral history and management from a historic turn point of view is that of Gomes and Santana (2010), who present their case for oral history within a more comprehensive argument in favor of qualitative management research. The authors illustrate their point by presenting two uses of the method at the State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB): as a teaching method and as a tool for building the university's strategy.…”

“…Another possibility for social transformation is to take a story beyond the official one, this time constituted of the testimonies of different layers of society or of an organization, from a more realist perspective. Keulen and Kroeze (2012a) and Gomes and Santana (2010), for example, suggest an organizational history that includes interviews with employees of all levels. The former present a method that includes checking the facts collected in interviews and confronting them with the interviewees, creating a narrative that would then be presented to the members of the organization, and, therefore, letting them learn from each other and from the past.…”

“…Management research has also incorporated oral history, especially with the rise of qualitative biographical methods, which include biographical, autobiographical, life history, and oral history itself (Barros & Lopes, 2014;Sacramento, Figueiredo, & Teixeira, 2017). Some of these studies advocate its use in management for understanding entrepreneurial trajectories and organizational histories (Gomes & Santana, 2010), the everyday life and the voice of the ordinary man (Ichikawa & Santos, 2006), and reflexivity in the co-construction and social devolution of management research (Joaquim & Carrieri, 2018).…”

História Oral e Sujeito Reflexivo: aspectos epistemológicos, conceituais e práticos

“…Além disso, "o respeito pelas singularidades dos sujeitos, de suas histórias e das suas narrativas são princípios colocados para os sujeitos envolvidos desde o início do trabalho" de pesquisa (Souza, 2006, p. 145). Há um amplo esforço de se resgatar a palavra de indivíduos que, sem a mediação do pesquisador, não deixariam nenhum testemunho (Gomes & Santana, 2010). Ataíde (2006) destaca três modalidades de história oral: história oral temática, para abordar temas vividos pelo entrevistado; tradição oral, para o conhecimento da origem dos grupos éticos (Sic.)…”