A method for the low-level (ngg−1) determination of perfluorooctanoate in paper and textile by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate by automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

“…The quantification limits of PFOA and PFOS in these samples were about 5 and 11 pg mL −1 (S/N = 10), respectively. Although this method shows same or low sensitivity than LC-MS-MS methods reported previously [14][15][16][17][18][19]21,24,25,35], it can directly analyze with a little sample. To confirm the validity of this method, known amounts of PFOA and PFOS were spiked into river sample, and their recoveries were calculated.…”

“…In particular they have been detected in various environmental waters such as river water [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], lake water [19][20][21], seawater [22][23][24], ground water [25], tap water [15,19,20,[26][27][28] and wastewater [10,13,[29][30][31][32], packing materials [33,34], textiles [33][34][35], house dust [36], and air samples [37] at the concentration from the ppt to ppb level. Analyses of these compounds in environmental samples have been carried out mainly by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) [20], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [33,37], liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [13,23,28,34], and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) [14][15]…”

Development and validation of a method for the quantification of extractable perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) in textiles

“…Methanol has been used successfully to extract PFAAs from several matrixes [1,[44][45][46][47], including textiles [23,24,29,33,34,38,40]. One group used acetone/ acetonitrile (80:20, v/v) [25], therefore both methanol and acetone/acetonitrile were included in the evaluation.…”

“…A maximum level of 1 mg/m 2 for PFOS in textiles was set by the European Union in 2006 [20] and a maximum of 1 mg/m 2 for PFOA was set in 2014 in Norway, as the first country setting a limit for PFOA [21,22]. Only two analytical methods developed for PFOA analysis in textiles are known [23,24]. To the best of our knowledge no peer reviewed validation data has been published so far for the determination of the other PFAAs in textiles, although Knepper et al Contents lists available at ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/talanta [25] presented a method for PFAA analysis in textiles in a non-peer review report.…”

Quantification of fluorotelomer-based chemicals in mammalian matrices by monitoring perfluoroalkyl chain fragments with GC/MS

“…Appropriate analytical methodology, sampling, sample preparation procedures, as well as applicable measurement techniques are being established by many researchers for PFCs that are amenable to analysis by LC-MS/MS, most notably PFOA [17,23]. However, use of LC-MS/MS is often problematic due to instrumental components that contain many of these fluorotelomer-based chemicals as well as their metabolic products.…”