“…Therefore, rapid determination of PFOA residues has become highly desirable. The current available detection methods for PFOA include gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Huset et al, 2008;Scott et al, 2006), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (Risha et al, 2005;Saito et al, 2010), and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) (Young et al, 2013;Eriksen et al, 2011). However, these methods often require complicated pretreatment steps, expensive labor resources, and they are not applicable for in-situ rapid analysis.…”