A model of soft-tissue graft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in sheep

Hunt, Patrick; Scheffler, Sven; Unterhauser, Frank N.; Weiler, Andreas

doi:10.1007/s00402-004-0643-z

Cited by 62 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We have compared our modulus results with values from literature. [38][39][40] The reported geometric stiffness values for sheep ACL were converted to tangent moduli using the geometric properties provided [38][39][40] and the average value found to be 130 -15 MPa. This value is lower than our results and the differences are due to the fact that we measure the actual tissue level displacement directly and noninvasively whereas the literature results recorded the gripto-grip displacement that neglected the compliance within the system and nonphysiological issues associated with mechanical testing such as slip, tearing and stress concentrations at the grips.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Three-Dimensional Engineered Bone–Ligament–Bone Constructs for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Replacement

Smietana

Kostrominova

et al. 2012

Tissue Engineering Part A

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), a major stabilizer of the knee, is commonly injured. Because of its intrinsic poor healing ability, a torn ACL is usually reconstructed by a graft. We developed a multi-phasic, or boneligament-bone, tissue-engineered construct for ACL grafts using bone marrow stromal cells and sheep as a model system. After 6 months in vivo, the constructs increased in cross section and exhibited a well-organized microstructure, native bone integration, a functional enthesis, vascularization, innervation, increased collagen content, and structural alignment. The constructs increased in stiffness to 52% of the tangent modulus and 95% of the geometric stiffness of native ACL. The viscoelastic response of the explants was virtually indistinguishable from that of adult ACL. These results suggest that our constructs after implantation can obtain physiologically relevant structural and functional characteristics comparable to those of adult ACL. They present a viable option for ACL replacement.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sheep and goat have commonly been chosen as animal models for the knee [30][31][32][33] because of anatomical [34][35][36][37] and mechanical [38][39][40][41] similarities to human ACLs. These sheep were obtained from the Michigan Livestock Exchange, various farms in the area or intra-university transfer.…”

Section: Animal Model and Animal Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Engineered Bone–Ligament–Bone Constructs for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Replacement

Smietana

Kostrominova

et al. 2012

Tissue Engineering Part A

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Specimens were loaded in tension to failure at 20 mm/minute. The rate of 20 mm/ minute was adapted from established protocols for testing the tensile properties of bone-ligament-bone constructs in minipig and canine models [22,26,28,59]. The recorded load-displacement data were used to quantify ACL linear stiffness, yield, and maximum load [28].…”

Section: Acl Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal models have been long used to study ACL injuries, treatments, and associated complications [6,7,17,19,20,22,26,44,45]. Animal models provide researchers with the ability to perform invasive procedures and to obtain samples at specific times that are not possible in human trials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, translational work through animal models typically is required to comply with regulatory requirements before proceeding to human trials. Large animal models including pigs, sheep, goats, dogs, and rabbits have been used as surrogates to study the effects of surgical intervention after ACL injury [7,17,19,20,22,26,44]. Among those, the porcine model has been shown to be the closest to the human based on the size and anatomy of the knee [48], functional dependence on the ACL [10], gait biomechanics [60], and similarity of hematology and wound healing characteristics [15,38,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Validation of Porcine Knee as a Sex-specific Model to Study Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament Disorders

Kiapour

Shalvoy

Murray

et al. 2015

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Animal models have long been considered an important modality for studying ACL injuries. However, to our knowledge, the value of these preclinical models to study sex-related phenomena associated with ACL injury and recovery has not been evaluated. Questions/purposesWe asked whether (1) prominent anatomic and (2) biomechanical factors differ between female and male porcine knees, particularly those known to increase the risk of ACL injury. Methods Eighteen intact minipig knees (nine males, nine females) underwent MRI to determine the femoral bicondylar width, intercondylar notch size (width, area and index), medial and lateral tibial slope, ACL size (length, cross-sectional area, and volume), and medial compartment tibiofemoral cartilage thickness. AP knee laxity at 30°, 60°, and 90°flexion and ACL tensile structural properties were measured using custom-designed loading fixtures in a universal tensile testing apparatus. Comparisons between males and females were performed for all anatomic and biomechanical measures. The findings then were compared with published data from human knees. Results Female pigs had smaller bicondylar widths (2.9 mm, ratio = 0.93, effect size = À1.5) and intercondylar notches (width: 2.0 mm, ratio = 0.79, effect size = À2.8; area: 30.8 mm 2 , ratio = 0.76, effect size = 2.1; index: 0.4, ratio = 0.84, effect size = À2.0), steeper lateral tibial slope (4.3°, ratio = 1.13, effect size = 1.1), smaller ACL (length: 2.7 mm, ratio = 0.91, effect size = 1.1; area: 6.8 mm 2 , ratio = 0.74, effect size = À1.5; volume: 266.2 mm 3 , ratio = 0.68, effect size = À1.5), thinner medial femoral cartilage (0.4 mm, ratio = 0.8, effect size = À1.1), lower ACL yield load (275 N, ratio = 0.81, effect size = À1.1), and greater AP knee laxity at 30°( 0.7 mm, ratio = 1.32, effect size = 1.1) and 90°(0.5 mm, ratio = 1.24, effect size = 1

show abstract

Characterization of the Anchoring Morphology and Mineral Content of the Anterior Cruciate and Medial Collateral Ligaments of the Knee

Sinclair

Curtis

Koller

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The manner in which ligament connects to bone remains an area of interest for researchers, bioengineers, and clinicians. Stable fixation of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft has been shown to be paramount to preventing excess anterior tibial translation and to restoring the normal kinematics of the knee joint. In this study, the surface area of attachment and the mineral characteristics of the ACL and medial collateral ligament (MCL) attachment sites were characterized to determine the factors that contributed to ligament attachment strength. Findings from this study indicated that the area of attachment of the ACL's insertion was significantly greater than the ligament's origin (95.8 mm 2 AE 21.5 vs. 73.2 mm 2 AE 16.2, P ¼ 0.009). Additionally, the ACL was measured to have a greater surface area of attachment when compared with the MCL (84.5 mm 2 AE 18.8 vs. 58.2 mm 2 AE 23.8, P ¼ 0.005); although, the MCL was observed to have a greater region of calcified fibrocartilage (CFC) than the ACL (533.0 lm AE 116.9 vs. 195.5 lm AE 36.6, P ¼ 0.0003). No significant correlation was observed between the ligament's area of attachment and the thickness of the CFC region. Measurements of ash percent suggested that the boundary region, between the CFC and host bone, possessed the least mineral content for the three regions of interest. These data suggest that ligament attachment strength can be attributed to several factors, including the ligament's area of attachment, regional thickness, and mineral content of the CFC. Anat Rec, 294:831-838, 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

show abstract

A model of soft-tissue graft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in sheep

Cited by 62 publications

References 58 publications

Three-Dimensional Engineered Bone–Ligament–Bone Constructs for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Replacement

Three-Dimensional Engineered Bone–Ligament–Bone Constructs for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Replacement

Validation of Porcine Knee as a Sex-specific Model to Study Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament Disorders

Characterization of the Anchoring Morphology and Mineral Content of the Anterior Cruciate and Medial Collateral Ligaments of the Knee

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About