A Multiband/Multistandard 15–57 GHz Receive Phased-Array Module Based on 4 × 1 Beamformer IC and Supporting 5G NR FR2 Operation

Alhamed, Abdulrahman; Kazan, Oguz; Gültepe, Gökhan; Rebeiz, Gabriel M.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2021.3136256

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For signals higher than 44 GHz, an additional mixer is employed. Table IV compares this work with other state-of-the-art multi-band receivers designed for 5G NR FR2 [17], [18], [20], [22]. Thanks to the proposed harmonic-selection technique, this work supports the 24.25-71-GHz operation while maintaining over 36-dB inter-band blocker rejection.…”

Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…However, multiple chips are necessary to support the multi-band operation, which increases the system size and complexity. To realize compact user devices with low cost, several studies have demonstrated wideband phased-array receivers supporting multiple 5G NR frequency range 2 (FR2) bands with minimized system dimensions in recent years [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]. However, the operating frequency range of these works is still limited and difficult to be scaled to more 5G NR FR2 bands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Power-Efficient CMOS Multi-Band Phased-Array Receiver Covering 24–71-GHz Utilizing Harmonic-Selection Technique With 36-dB Inter-Band Blocker Tolerance for 5G NR

Zhang

Pang

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This article introduces a power-efficient 24.25-71-GHz multi-band phased-array receiver supporting all allocated fifth-generation mobile network new radio (5G NR) frequency range 2 (FR2) bands at 24/28/39/47 GHz and the potential 5G NR-U bands in unlicensed 57-71 GHz. A novel harmonic-selection technique is introduced to extend the operating bandwidth with low power consumption. By switching between the fundamental-selected mode, the second-harmonicselected mode, and the third-harmonic-selected mode, only signals in the desired bands can be preserved, while the unselected mixing components are rejected. A dual-mode multi-band lownoise amplifier (LNA) based on a configurable transformer is adopted to realize broadband operation with minimized power consumption and noise figure (NF). The Hartley architecture is employed to further improve the image rejection performance. A hybrid-type polyphase filter (PPF) with a detectorbased high-precision calibration block is utilized in this work to realize the Hartley operation with reduced insertion loss (IL). The proposed phased-array receiver is fabricated in a standard 65-nm bulk CMOS process. With the concerted efforts of all components, the proposed multi-band receiver can support 5G standard-compliant OFDMA-mode modulated signals up to 256QAM with a 400-MHz channel bandwidth from 24 to 71 GHz. Better than 36-dB inter-band blocker rejections can be maintained by this work. With existing of 0-dBc inter-band blockers at worst case frequencies, this receiver

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Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Power-Efficient CMOS Multi-Band Phased-Array Receiver Covering 24–71-GHz Utilizing Harmonic-Selection Technique With 36-dB Inter-Band Blocker Tolerance for 5G NR

Zhang

Pang

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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“…However, for each quadrant, only two different gains need to be controlled, so by switching the DAC that controls each gain, only two DACs are needed. This technique is commonly used to reduce the number of DACs needed [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: State-of-the-art and Proposed Vector Modulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

A 17.8–20.2 GHz Compact Vector-Sum Phase Shifter in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology for LEO Gateways Receivers

Pino

Khemchandani

San-Miguel-Montesdeoca³

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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This paper presents a novel and compact vector modulator (VM) architecture implemented in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The design is suitable for use in receive phased arrays for the gateways of major low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations that operate in the 17.8 to 20.2 GHz frequency range. The proposed architecture uses four variable gain amplifiers (VGA) that are active at any given time and are switched to generate the four quadrants. Compared to conventional architectures, this structure is more compact and produces double the output amplitude. The design offers 6-bit phase control for 360°, and the total root mean square (RMS) phase and gain errors are 2.36° and 1.46 dB, respectively. The design occupies an area of 1309.4 μm × 1783.8 μm (including pads).

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“…The deployment of millimeter-wave (mmWave) based communication networks has been accelerating due to relentless demand for high-data-rate (multi-GB/s) links [1]. The mmWave enabled fifth generation (5 G) cellular networks are envisioned to provide ultra-low latency (<1 ms), ubiquitous connectivity and massive system capacity (100x >4 G) [2], [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Induced Heating of Cutaneous Nerves and Capillaries

et al. 2023

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In this study, we quantify microscale heating at the level of cutaneous nerves and capillaries due to continuous and pulsed plane-wave exposure at 60 GHz. The thermal properties of the nerves and capillaries were derived using mixture equations based on their water content. The electromagnetic problem was solved in conjunction with Pennes bioheat equation and Arrhenius equation using finite element method to evaluate the spatial and temporal evolution of temperature along with thermal damage within cutaneous nerves and capillaries. Although, the maximum power density within the nerve (41.6 kW/m 3 ) and capillary (20 kW/m 3 ) was 37.3% and 30.2% higher than surrounding skin for a continuous exposure at 10 W/m 2 , the peak temperature elevation ( T ) within the nerve (93.3 n°C) and capillary (90.7 n°C) occurred after 5 μs and 10 μs of exposure and was 19.2% and 17.7% higher than surrounding skin, respectively. The nerve and capillary attained thermal equilibrium with skin after roughly 10 ms. The maximal T within the nerve (0.5 °C) and capillary (0.25 °C) due to nano-and micro-second 60 GHz pulses with highest fluence (0.48 kJ/m 2 ) permitted under ICNIRP guidelines was 34% and 24% higher than in the surrounding skin. Ten 3 μs 60 GHz pulses (power density = 13.4 GW/m 2 ) separated by 10 s of cooling period were used to demonstrate the possibility of selective thermal ablation of cutaneous nerves [damage index (Ω)=1.1)] without damaging skin (Ω = 0.15). The results provide valuable insights into local millimeter-wave induced heating within various skin substructures.INDEX TERMS Finite element method, human skin, millimeter waves, thermal dosimetry.This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination.

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A Multiband/Multistandard 15–57 GHz Receive Phased-Array Module Based on 4 × 1 Beamformer IC and Supporting 5G NR FR2 Operation

Cited by 29 publications

References 48 publications

A Power-Efficient CMOS Multi-Band Phased-Array Receiver Covering 24–71-GHz Utilizing Harmonic-Selection Technique With 36-dB Inter-Band Blocker Tolerance for 5G NR

A Power-Efficient CMOS Multi-Band Phased-Array Receiver Covering 24–71-GHz Utilizing Harmonic-Selection Technique With 36-dB Inter-Band Blocker Tolerance for 5G NR

A 17.8–20.2 GHz Compact Vector-Sum Phase Shifter in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology for LEO Gateways Receivers

Millimeter-Wave Induced Heating of Cutaneous Nerves and Capillaries

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