A Novel 3D Nonstationary Channel Model Based on the von Mises-Fisher Scattering Distribution

Abstract

In the last decade, the nonstationary properties of channel models have attracted more and more attention for many scenarios, that is, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), mobile-to-mobile (M2M), and high-speed train (HST). However, little research has been done on the real-physical channel model. In this paper, we propose a generalized three-dimensional (3D) nonstationary channel model, in which the scatterers are assumed to be distributed around the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) on a two-sphere model. By employing the von Mises-Fisher distribution, the mean values of the azimuth angle of departure (AAoD) and elevation angle of departure (EAoD) and the azimuth angle of arrival (AAoA) and elevation angle of arrival (EAoA) are tracked by time-variant (TV) Brownian Markov (BM) motion paths, which ensure the nonstationarity of the proposed channel model. Moreover, the TV autocorrelation function (ACF) and Doppler power spectrum density (DPSD) of the proposed nonstationary channel model are calculated by using signal processing tools, for example, fast Fourier transform (FFT) and short-time Fourier transform (STFT). In addition, the simulation results show that the TV scatterer distribution results in a nonstationary nonisotropic channel model, and the proposed model can be employed to simulate the 3D nonstationary channel model.

A General 3D Nonstationary Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channel Model Allowing 3D Arbitrary Trajectory and 3D-Shaped Antenna Array

“…Nevertheless, the authors in [9,10] found that the WSS was only suitable for short distances between transmitters and receivers based on the measured data. Several GBSMs for nonstationary V2V channels are proposed in the literature [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Among them, 2D nonstationary V2V GBSMs with fixed clusters [11,12] or moving scatterers [13] were studied and the statistical properties, i.e., the temporal correlation function (TCF), spatial correlation function (SCF), and Doppler power spectrum density (DPSD), were also analyzed.…”

“…Meanwhile, the authors in [7] have proved that the 3D channel model is more accurate than the 2D ones for evaluating the system performance. By extending the scatterers distributed on the surface of 3D regular shapes, i.e., a hemisphere [15], two cylinders [16,17], two spheres [18], an elliptic-cylinder [19], a rectangular tunnel [20], several 3D nonstationary V2V channel models were proposed recently. In [21], the authors proposed a 3D irregular-shaped GBSM for nonstationary V2V channels.…”

“…Some 3D cluster-based nonstationary V2V channel models can also been addressed in [22][23][24][25]. However, the output phases related to the Doppler frequencies in [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] were inaccurate compared with the theoretical results [26,27]. e authors in [28,29] modified the phase item to overcome this shortcoming, but it is only suitable for 2D scattering environments.…”

“…Note that most of the existing V2V channel models [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] only took the fixed velocities of the mobile transmitter (MT) and mobile receiver (MR) into account. However, under realistic traffic environments, the velocities of MT and MR could be time-variant.…”

Three-Dimensional Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channel Modeling with Multiple Moving Scatterers

“…The models in M2M communication environment can be traced back from two-dimensional (2D) [5][6][7] and three-dimensional (3D) [8][9][10][11] fixed scattering models to 2D [12][13][14][15][16][17] and 3D [18][19][20] moving scattering models. The M2M channel models with the assumption of stationary scatterers have been proposed in [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, moving scatterers are unavoidable in M2M communications.…”